Abelmoschus manihot (Chou-kanak) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Divya S et al, Phytochemical analysis & in vitro Antioxidant & Antibacterial activity of the Chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (Malvaceae). Res Jl of Pharm & Technol 14, 4719-6, 2021-

GUNFUR SIT et al, Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Mouthwash Ekstrak Daun Gedi Hijau (Abelmoschus manihot L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans, Jl of Ilmiah Farmasi, 8(3):42-51, 2024-Abstract: green Gedi Leaves have secondary metabolite compounds from the flavonoid group as antibacterials against Streptococcus mutans.

Chen YZ et al, Efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review, Chin Jl of Integr med, 2015-Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medical Database, Chinese electronic literature databases, & the references of relevant articles were searched in March 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of Flos A. manihot on type 2 DN patients with overt but sub nephrotic-range…

YU H et al, Effects of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy via the activation of solute carriers in renal tubular epithelial cells, Biomed Pharmacother, 169:115899. 2023-Abstract: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Huangkui capsule (HKC) has been used to treat patients with kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). We have recently demonstrated that HKC could re-regulate the activities of solute carriers (SLC)s in proximal & distal convoluted tubules of kidneys in regression of the development of DN. The main active chemical consti…

Carney E. Antiproteinuric efficacy of A. manihot superior to losartan. Nat Rev Nephrol, 10, 300 (2014-Abstract: Use of traditional Chinese medicines to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a long history & A. manihot flowers were included in the Compendium of Materia Medica more than four centuries ago,” says researcher Xiang Mei Chen. “As traditional medicines are generally preferred by Chinese patients, conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials of these therapies to obtain efficacy & safety data is very important, In their multicenter, open-label trial, Chen & colleagues rand…

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Zhou L et al, Pretreatment with the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot & hyperoside prevents glomerular podocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Jl Med Food. 2012; 15(5):461-8. -Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important diabetic complication & podocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of DN. In the present study, we examined the preventive effect of the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on urinary microalbumin & glomerular podocyte apoptosis in experimental DN rats. The preliminary oral administ…

Embodiment 1: [0024]: 503 kg Hibiscus manihot seed of the Abelmoschus manihot population. First use a vibrating sieve to remove the big & small light impurities & then adopt blower type raw material cleaning machine to remove the dust, sand & other impurities to get 500 kg pure seeds. Put the pure seeds in knife board type pine nut peeling machine to get the pre-materials & use the vibrating sieve to thoroughly remove the seed shell to get 400 kg pure materials. Then put the pure materials into the pressing type oil mill for degreasing & get 360 kg oily pure materials product, namely A mani…

Zhang L.et al. Efficacy & safety of Abelmoschus manihot for primary glomerular disease: A prospective, multicenter Randomized controlled clinical trial. Am. Jl. Kidney Disease. 2014, 64, 57–65.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) & increase serum potassium concentration ([K+]). This indirect comparison investigated any differences in SBP-lowering & hyperkalemia risk between finerenone, a nonsteroidal MRA, & the steroidal MRA spironolactone ± a potassium binder.

YU H et al, Evaluation of the efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on diabetic nephropathy by analyzing biomarkers in the glomeruli & proximal & distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, Front Pharmacol, 14:1215996. 2023-Abstract: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) in the form of Huangkui (HK) capsule has been used as a medication for kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), in China. The most significant effect of HK capsule treatment in kidney diseases is the reduction of albuminuria and proteinuria. To evaluate the efficacy of HK capsule in the regre…

Embodiment 2: [0025]: 1007 kg AM seed of the AM population. First use a vibrating sieve to remove the big & small light impurities & then adopt blower type raw material cleaning machine to remove the dust, sand & other impurities to get 1000 kg pure seeds. Put the pure seeds into rolling type peeling machine (comprising vibrating sieves & air separation systems) to directly get 800 kg pure materials. Then use a screw-type continuous oil mill for degreasing & get 720 kg oily pure materials & 80 kg kernel fat with impurities. Separate the kernel fat with impurities through static sedimentatio…

LIU BH et al, Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Podocyte Pyroptosis & Injury in High Glucose Conditions by Targeting METTL3-Dependent 6- m A Modification-Mediated NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation & PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling, Front Pharmacol, 12:667644, 2021-Abstract:  The total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a compound that is extracted from A manihot, has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of this compound have yet to be elucidated. Podocyte pyroptosis is characte…

Chen YZ et al. Efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review. Chin. Jl. Integr. Med. 2015; 21: 464–72.

LIU BH et al, Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Podocyte Pyroptosis & Injury in High Glucose Conditions by Targeting METTL3-Dependent m6A Modification-Mediated NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation & PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling, Front Pharmacol, 12:667644.2021-Abstract: The total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a compound that is extracted from Abelmoschus manihot, has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of this compound have yet to be elucidated. Podocyte pyroptosis is cha…

Zhou L et al. Pretreatment with the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot & hyperoside prevents glomerular podocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Jl. Med. Food 2012; 15: 461–8.

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Wang XR et al, Studies on the flavonol constituents of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic. Chinese Jl of Natural Med. 2: 91–92. 2004.

Lai XY et al, A flavonoid glucuronide from Abelmoschus manihot L Medik. Biochem Systematics & Ecology 35, 892-3. 2007.

Cheng XP et al, Inhibitory effect of Total Flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic on NMDA receptor-mediated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, Neurosci Res. 2006, 55(2):142-5.-Abstract: The modulatory effect of Total Flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic (TFA) on NMDA-activated current (I(NMDA)) was investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. TFA rapidly & reversibly inhibited the I (NMDA) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, TFA non-competitively inhibited the I (NMDA) by enhancement of the NMDA receptor desensitiza…

Jain P.S. et al, Anti-inflammatory activity of Abelmoschus manihot extracts, Inter Jl of Pharmacol, 6(4): 501-5. 2010.-Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether & methanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) woody stems using paw edema model. The air-dried, powdered woody stems (900 g) were extracted over Soxhlet with petroleum ether & methanol. The crude dried petroleum ether (12 g) & methanol (18 g) extracts were prepared at the doses of 100, 200 & 400 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> & evaluated for anti-inflammatory using the …

Gunawan IWG et al, Response Oxidative Stress of Ethanol Extract Abelmoschus manihot L leaf on The Activity of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Pharmaceut Biol & Chem Sci, -ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the response of oxidative stress of ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus manihot leaves on the activity of superoxide dismutase & glutathione peroxide enzyme in diabetic Wistar rats. The methods of this study were laboratory experimental to analyze response of oxidative stress which was using randomized pre & posttest control group design. Data was analy…

Chen Y et al, Treatment of chronic kidney disease using a traditional Chinese medicine, Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Linnaeus) Medicus (Malvaceae), Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 43(2) :145-8, 2016-Abstract: The flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (Linnaeus) Medicus (Malvaceae; Flos A. manihot) have been used in China for many centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. The Huangkui capsule is a single-plant drug extracted from the dry corolla of Flos A. manihot that has been approved by China's State Food & Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic …

Tang L et al, Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot enhances angiogenic ability both in vitro & in vivo, Oncotarget, 8:41, 2017 --Abstract: Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels. It is a normal & vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing & in the formation of granulation tissue. Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) are the major constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TFA on angiogenic ability using human umbilical vein endoth…

Quia Y et al, Total Flavonoid Extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic flowers attenuate d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver through the Nrf2 Pathway, Jl of Med Food, 20:6. 2017.-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot is an edible hibiscus that is rich in flavonoids & its use as Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases & health maintenance dates back to ancient times. The chemical compositions of total flavonoid of A. manihot flower extract (TFAE) were identified & determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of TFAE on antioxidative activi…

Yu JY et al, Clinical observation on diabetic nephropathy treated with alcohol of Abelmoschus manihot. Zhong- Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1995; 15: 263–5-Abstract: Sixty-eight cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) complicated with nephropathy were randomly divided into two groups: treated group, 35 cases treated with alcohol extraction of A manihot, Gliclazide & Captopril tablets; control group, 33 cases treated with Gliclazide & Captopril tablets, over a period of 8 weeks. The total effective rate in treated & control group were 83.87% & 31.03%(P < 0.01), urinary micr…

WENRONG AN et al, Efficacy & safety of Huangkui capsule for diabetic nephropathy, A protocol for systematic review & meta-analysis, Med, 100(42): p e27569, 2021-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is 1 of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world. Huangkui capsule, extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM), has been widely used to treat DN. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of Huangkui capsule for DN. This study aims to perform meta-analysis to systematically review the efficacy & safety of Huangku…

Gu L et al, Huangkui capsule in combination with metformin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via the Klotho/TGF-β1/p38MAPK signaling pathway. Jl Ethnopharmacol.; 281:11354, 2021-Abstract: Huangkui capsule (HKC), extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM), as a patent proprietary Chinese medicine on the market for approximately 20 years, has been clinically used to treat chronic glomerulo-nephritis. Renal fibrosis has been implicated in the onset & development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the potential application of HKC for preventing DN has not been evaluated. Aim of the s…

Mandey JS et al, Effects of gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) as a herbal plant rich in mucilages on blood lipid profiles & Carcass quality of broiler chickens as functional food. Procedia Food Sci, 3, 132-6. 2015.

Pan XX et al, Characterization & immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the stems & leaves of Abelmoschus manihot & a sulfated derivative, Int Jl Biol Macromol, 107(Pt A:9-16, 2018 Abstract:  Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus is a traditional herbal medicine whose flowers, stems & leaves exhibit widely pharmacological activities. However, only the flowers have long been used as medicine while the stems & leaves were mainly discarded & burned, which undoubtedly caused enormous waste of these resources & serious environment pollution. Many researches have indicated that bioactivi…

Vayssade M et al, Antiproliferative & proapoptotic actions of okra pectin on B16F10 melanoma cells. Phytother Res, 24, 982-9. 2010.

Chen YZ et al, Efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review, Chin Jl of Integr med, 2015-Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medical Database, Chinese electronic literature databases, & the references of relevant articles were searched in March 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of Flos A. manihot on type 2 DN patients with overt but sub nephrotic-range…

Zhang L et al. Efficacy & safety of Abelmoschus manihot for primary glomerular disease: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Am. Jl. Kidney Dis. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.01.431-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot, a single medicament of traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat kidney disease. This is the first randomized controlled clinical trial to assess its efficacy & safety in patients with primary glomerular disease. Study Design Prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants from May 2010 to Octo…

Li N et al, Chemical constituents, clinical efficacy & molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot flowers in treatment of kidney diseases, Phytother Res, 35(1) :198-2019, 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot, also called as "Huangkui" in Chinese, is an annual flowering herb plant in the family of Malvaceae. As a traditional Chinese medicine, the ethanol extract of the flower in Abelmoschus manihot is made as Huangkui capsule & has been used for medication of the patients with kidney diseases. Its efficacy in clinical symptoms is mainly improving renal function & reduci…

YU H et al, Effects of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy via the activation of solute carriers in renal tubular epithelial cells, Biomed Pharmacother, 169:115899. 2023-Abstract: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Huangkui capsule (HKC) has been used to treat patients with kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). We have recently demonstrated that HKC could re-regulate the activities of solute carriers (SLC)s in proximal & distal convoluted tubules of kidneys in regression of the development of DN. The main active chemical consti…

Yao YM et al. Inhibition effect of the flower of Abelmoschus manihot extraction on diplococcus gonorrhoeae. Jiangsu Jl of Traditional Chin Med, 15: 43. 1994.

Xu M et al, Hibiscus manihot L. flower extract induces anticancer activity through modulation of apoptosis & autophagy in A549 cells. Sci Rep, 14(1), 8102., 2024-Abstract: Lung cancer is a major public health issue & heavy burden in China & worldwide due to its high incidence & mortality without effective treatment. It's imperative to develop new treatments to overcome drug resistance. Natural products from food source, given their wide-ranging & long-term benefits, have been increasingly used in tumor prevention & treatment. This study revealed that Hibiscus manihot L. flower extract (HML)…

Chang CC. et al, Effects of Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extract on Enhancing Sexual Arousal and Reproductive Performance in Zebrafish, Molecules, 29(7):2218, 2022-Abstract: The flower of Abelmoschus manihot L. is mainly used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases, and has been reported to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, & antidepressant activities. This study used wild-type adult zebrafish as an animal model to elucidate the potential bioactivity of A. manihot flower ethanol extract (AME) in enhancing their sexual & reproductive functions. Zebrafis…

WU C et al, A single-cell profile reveals the transcriptional regulation responded for Abelmoschus manihot (L.) treatment in diabetic kidney disease, Phytomed, 130:155642. 2024-Abstract: Huangkui capsule (HKC), as an ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.), has a significant efficacy in treatment of the patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The bioactive ingredients of HKC mainly include the flavonoids such as rutin, hyperoside, Hibifolin, isoquercetin, myricetin, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside. Purpose: To explore the molecular mechanisms of AM in treatment of DKD. St…

Lin-Lin W et al, In vivo & in vitro activity of hyperoside extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L) Medic. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 28, 404-9. 2007.-Abstract: To assess the antihepatitis B virus (HBV) effect of hyperoside extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L) Medik. Methods: The human hepatoma Hep G2.2.15 cell culture system & duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection model were used as in vivo & in vitro models to evaluate the anti-HBV effects. Results: In the cell model, the 50% toxic concentration of hyperoside was 0.115 g/L; the maximum nontoxic concentration was 0.05 g/L. On the maximum…

Sales P.F et al, Pharmacological Potential & Mechanisms of Action Involved in Oil Species from the Brazilian Amazon: The Case of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench, Euterpe Oleracea Martius & Bixa Orellana Linné. Pharmacogn. Rev.17:24–42. 2023-Abstract: The chemical versatility of vegetable oils, attributed to biological properties, constitutes great value for the economic, technological & nutritional sector, promoting the interest of these Amazonian natural resources. The oils present variations in their chemical composition, regarding the presence of fatty acids with promising biological pr…

Todarwal A et al, Abelmoschus manihot Linn: ethnobotany, phytochemistry & pharmacology. Asian Jl of Traditional Med, 6(1), 1-7. 2011,

Li JJ et al, Extraction of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic by Modified Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Determination of Antioxidant & Anti-Adipogenic Activity, Mol, 21 :810, 2016.-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic has been used for many years in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, supercritical CO2 plus a modifier was utilized to extract flavonoids from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. The effects of temperature (40 _C–60 _C), pressure (10–30 MPa) & different concentrations of ethanol as modifier (60%–90%, ethanol: water, v/v) on …

Chen P et al, Mechanisms & effects of Abelmoschus manihot preparations in treating chronic kidney disease China Jl of Chin Materia Medica, 2012, 37(15):2252-6.-Abstract Find all citations in this journal (default). Or filter your current search2012/09 : Abelmoschus manihot (AM) is a medicinal plant rich in twenty kinds of separated active bio-components including flavones, polysaccharides, tannic acid, & long chain hydrocarbons. Among these, total flavones of A. manihot (TFA) are the major active component. In this review, the mechanisms of Huangkui capsule will be discussed as a preparatio…

Carney E. Antiproteinuric efficacy of A. manihot superior to losartan. Nat Rev Nephrol, 10, 300 (2014-Abstract: Use of traditional Chinese medicines to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a long history & A. manihot flowers were included in the Compendium of Materia Medica more than four centuries ago,” says researcher Xiang Mei Chen. “As traditional medicines are generally preferred by Chinese patients, conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials of these therapies to obtain efficacy & safety data is very important, In their multicenter, open-label trial, Chen & colleagues rand…

BREVET de fabrication d’huile végétale-: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: -

LIU S et al, Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the iRhom2/TACE signalling pathway activity in rats, Pharm Biol, 56(1):1-11. 2017-Abstract: Total flavones extracted from Abelmoschus manihot L. (Malvaceae) medic (TFA) have been proven clinically effective at improving renal inflammation & glomerular injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: This study evaluated the function of TFA as an inhibitor of iRhom2/TACE (tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme) signalling & investigated its anti-DN (diabetic nephropathy) effects in a DN rat mo…

Aditama et al, AN IN VITRO ANTIOSTEOPOROTIC ACTIVITY OF 96% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Abelmoschus manihot L. MEDIK LEAVES USING MC3T3-E1 PREOSTEOBLAST CELLS, Trad Med Jl 21(3), 2016-ABSTRACT: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass & structural deterioration of bone tissue. Estrogen deficiency causes loss of bone mineral density which causes osteoporosis. Phytoestrogen is a potential alternative of estrogen that can be used as Hormone Replacement Therapy on osteoporosis with minimum side effects. Many edible plants contain phytoestrogens that are believed to promote bone health. …

Zhou L et al, Pretreatment with the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot & hyperoside prevents glomerular podocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Jl Med Food. 2012; 15(5):461-8. -Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important diabetic complication & podocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of DN. In the present study, we examined the preventive effect of the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on urinary microalbumin & glomerular podocyte apoptosis in experimental DN rats. The preliminary oral administ…

Fawwaz M, Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L) leaf extract antioxidant potential as FRAP method, Conf Paper, Bandung, 5; 2015.-Abstract: This research aims to test the antioxidant activity. The first sample processed into ethanol extract by maceration. Antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP method. Gedi leaf extract is dissolved in distilled water then mixed with 0.2 M phosphate buffer & potassium ferisianida 1%, the mixture was incubated at 50 °C for 20 minutes, then added Trichloroacetic acid & centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Supernatant are added distilled water & 0.1% FeCl3, then measur…

GE J et al, Huangkui capsule, an extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic, improves diabetic nephropathy via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ & attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats, Jl of Ethnopharm, 189:238-49, 2016-Abstract:  Abelmoschus manihot (AM) is a natural medicinal plant used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. Huangkui capsule (HKC), an extract from AM, has been proved clinically effective in improving renal inflammation and glomerular injury in CKD. However, the mechanisms of HKC are still not fully understoo…

Vianni Anggi, total antioxidant from herbal medicine as a possible tool for the multifunctional prevention of muscular atrophy, Intech Open Book Series, 2020-Abstract: Muscular atrophy is one of disease by the loss of skeletal muscle mass. So, by the loss in muscle often causes rapid muscle atrophy and the occurs during injury & illness its causes immobilization in spinal muscle mass. Usually, the impact factor of the nervous system in musculoskeletal is caused by aging, immobility, malnutrition, medication & even the range of injuries disease impact by the nervous system. To meet the needs…

WU W et al. Inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling activity with Huangkui capsule alleviates the early glomerular pathological changes in diabetic Nephropathy. Front. Pharmacol. 9, 443, 2018-- Abstract: Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese modern patent medicine extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic, has been widely applied to clinical therapy in the early diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. However, it remains elusive whether HKC can ameliorate the inchoate glomerular injuries in hyperglycemia. Recently the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (A…

Zhu Z et al, Huangkui capsule attenuates diabetic kidney disease through the induction of mitophagy mediated by STING1/PINK1 signaling in tubular cells. Phytomed, 119: 154975, 2023-Abstract: Mitochondria is critic to tubulopathy, especially in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Huangkui capsule (HKC; a new ethanol extract from the dried corolla of Abelmoschus manihot) has significant clinical effect on DKD. Previous studies have shown that HKC protects kidney by regulating mitochondrial function, but its mechanism is still unclear. The latest research found that the stimulator of interferon gen…

WEI C et al, The pharmacological mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, Heliyon, 9(11): e22017. 2023-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot is an herbaceous flowering medicinal plant & flavonoids are its main pharmacological active ingredients. AM is listed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A. manihot significantly reduces proteinuria in CKD, & the effectiveness & safety of AM in the treatment including primary glomerulo nephropathy & diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been proved by several rando…

Du LY et al, Metabolic profiles of the Flos Abelmoschus manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from the normal & CKD model rats based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS, Biomed Chromatography, 31(2): 2016.-Abstract: Flos Abelmoschus manihot is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice to tackle chronic kidney disease (CKD) for thousands of years. Nowadays, many researches indicate that gut bacteria are closely related to the progression of CKD & CKD-related complications. In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS coupled with the MetaboLynxTM software, was established and successfully applied to firs…

Lai XY et al, Simultaneous determination of seven active flavonols in the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot by HPLC. Jl. Chromatogr. Sci. 2009, 47, 206–10.

SU J et al, Huangkui capsules regulate tryptophan metabolism to improve diabetic nephropathy through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, Front Pharmacol, 16:1535352. 2025-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes & one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Huangkui capsule (HKC), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. However, the therapeutic effects & underlying mechanisms of HKC in DN remain poorly understood. Methods: DN was induced in db/db mice, which were randomly …

Arun KG et al Inhibitory activity of Hibifolin on adenosine deaminase- experimental & molecular modeling study, Computational Biol & Chem, 64: 354-8, 2016.-Abstract: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. ADA converts adenosine to inosine & liberates ammonia. Because of their critical role in the differentiation & maturation of cells, the regulation of ADA activity is considered as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent malignant & inflammatory disorders. In the present study, the inhibitory activity of a plant flavonoid, Hibifolin on ADA is investigated …

DIAO Z et al, Identification of the main flavonoids of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik & their metabolites in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, Pharmacol, 14:1290868. 2024-Abstract Huangkui capsule (HKC) is made from the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik [Malvaceae; abelmoschus corolla] & received approval from the China Food & Drug Administration (Z19990040) in 1999. Currently, HKC is used for treatment of the patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in China. The bioactive chemical constituents in HKC are total flavonoids of AM (TFA). The present study aims to identify…

CHEN JX et al, Effects & mechanisms of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot in inhibiting podocyte necroptosis & renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 48(15):4137-4146. 2023-Abstract: Previous studies have shown that high blood glucose-induced chronic microinflammation can cause inflammatory podocyte injury in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Therein, necroptosis is a new form of podocyte death that is closely associated with renal fibrosis (RF). To explore the effects & mechanisms in vivo of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), an extrac…

Quia Y et al, In-vitro free radical scavenging activity & total flavonoid of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic extracts, Applied Mechanics & Mat, 140 :355-9, 2012.-Abstract. The Abelmoschus manihot, an edible hibiscus of the Malvaceae family, is abundant with total flavonoid. The content of total flavonoid from A. manihot flowers (TFA) was extracted by 70% ethanol (ethanol: water, 70:30). The scavenging effects of TFA on superoxide anions & hydrogen radicals were related to the total flavonoid concentrations with the IC50 values of 63.90}2.21 μg/mL & 266.88}28.32 μg/mL, respectively. However, …

Mao Z.M et al, Huangkui capsule attenuates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy rats through regulating oxidative stress and p38MAPK/Akt pathways, compared to -lipoic acid. Jl. Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 173, 256–65.-Abstract: In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic (AM) is a natural medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Recently, Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese patent medicine extracted from AM, has been widely applied to the clinical therapy of renal fibrosis in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the therapeutic …

Zhao Q et al. Effects of Huangkui capsule on renal inflammatory injury by intervening p38MAPK signaling path- way in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012; 37: 2926–34.

Wang X.R et al, Studies on the chemical constituents of Abelmoschus manihot L. Med Jl of Integrative Plant Biology. 23: 222–7. 1981.

Jia L et al, Chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of Abelmoschus esculentus II. China Jl of Chin Materia Medica. 2011.

Guo JM et al. Metabolite identification strategy of non-targeted metabolomics d its application for the identification of components in Chinese multicomponent medicine Abelmoschus manihot L. Phytomed; 2015; 22: 579–87,

Zhang D et al, Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot regulates autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to treat intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease, JL of Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 39(8):1586-96. 2024-Abstract: Drug therapy is the treatment of choice for Crohn's disease because it effectively controls or prevents intestinal inflammation. The purpose was to research the molecular mechanism of the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease. Methods: A 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model & IGF-1-treated intestin…

Xin-Ping C et al, Inhibitory effect of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot Medic on NMDA receptor-mediated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Res, 55: 142-5. 2006-Abstract: The modulatory effect of Total Flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic (TFA) on NMDA-activated current NMDA was investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. TFA rapidly & reversibly inhibited the NMDA in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, TFA non-competitively inhibited the NMDA by enhancement of the NMDA receptor desensitization. In addition…

Chen D. Effect observation of Huangkui Capsule on chronic nephritis. Chin Jl of Integr & Trad Western Nephrol, 2: 299–300.2001.

SUN Z et al, Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Abelmoschus manihot Flowers Using Ultrasonic Techniques: Predictive Modeling through Response Surface Methodology & Deep Neural Network & Biological Activity Assessment, Molecules, 29(11):2610. 2024-Abstract: Understanding the optimal extraction methods for flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot flowers (AMF) is crucial for unlocking their potential benefits. This study aimed to optimize the efficiency of flavonoid extraction from AMF. After comparing extraction methods, the ultrasonic cell crusher demonstrated superior performance over co…

LIU C et al, Mapping the kidney distribution of Huangkui capsule-derived components in diabetic nephropathy treatment: a mass spectrometry imaging & metabolomics approach nominates quercetin & its conjugates as bioactive candidates, Analytical & Bioanal Chem, 2026-Abstract: The Huangkui capsule (HKC) demonstrates significant efficacy against diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet its bioactive components that exert effects within the target organ, the kidney, have remained poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the renal in situ effective constituents of HKC by integrating multimodal m…

Yuniarti WM et al, The Effect of Gel Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik Leaf Extract on Second Degree Burn Wound Healing Process, Sys Rev Pharm, 11(10) :884-9, 2020-Abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) estimated around 265000 of death is caused by burn injury. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik consists of active compound such as Hibifolin, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, myricetin, cannabistrin, myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2,4-Dihydroxy benzoic zcid, asam maleate, quercetin, guanosine, adenosine. Material & methods: Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting 200g were divided into 5…

Embodiment 1: [0024]: 503 kg Hibiscus manihot seed of the Abelmoschus manihot population. First use a vibrating sieve to remove the big & small light impurities & then adopt blower type raw material cleaning machine to remove the dust, sand & other impurities to get 500 kg pure seeds. Put the pure seeds in knife board type pine nut peeling machine to get the pre-materials & use the vibrating sieve to thoroughly remove the seed shell to get 400 kg pure materials. Then put the pure materials into the pressing type oil mill for degreasing & get 360 kg oily pure materials product, namely A mani…

Jain PS et al, Isolation of Stigmasterol & γ –Sitosterol from petroleum ether extract of Woody stem of Abelmoschus manihot, Asian Jl of Biological Sci, 2(4): 112-17. 2009.

Selvaraj D et al, GC-MS analysis of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (Malvaceae) leaves, World Jl of Advanc Reviews, 05(02):067-79, 2020-Abstract: In the present study, the bioactive compounds of Abelmoschus manihot benzene, chloroform, methanol & ethanol leaf extracts via GC-MS were analyzed & its biological properties being available in pure form, being nontoxic with a wide spectrum of biological functions, may find its application in the formation of various medicinal products.

Liao H et al, A new flavonol glycoside from the Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. Pharmacognosy Magazine 8, 12-5. (2012).

Lai XY et al, Studies on chemical constituents in flower of Abelmoschus manihot. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006; 31: 1597–600.

Virendra KD et al, Larvicidal activity of Hibiscus Abelmoschus against mosquitoes. Jl of American Mosquito Control Association 22, 155-7. 2006.

LIU XD et al, Huangkui capsule combined with finerenone attenuates diabetic nephropathy by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, & experimental verification, Pharmacol, 16:1625286.2025-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes with limited therapeutic options. Although Huangkui capsule (HKC) & finerenone individually show potential in DN management, their combined mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect & underlying mechanisms of HKC & finerenone combination for DN. …

Zhang L.et al. Efficacy & safety of Abelmoschus manihot for primary glomerular disease: A prospective, multicenter Randomized controlled clinical trial. Am. Jl. Kidney Disease. 2014, 64, 57–65.

LIANG JC et al, Integrated analysis of comprehensive metabolomics & network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. in the treatment of cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease, Front Pharmacol, 13:1064498. 2022-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik ("Huangkui" in Chinese, HK) has been widely used for the treatment of kidney diseases. Nephrotoxicity is the side effect of cisplatin (CDDP), which greatly limits its clinical application. Therefore, CDDP could be used to establish the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. However, the protective effects of HK o…

Kim H et al, Supplementation of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy & Hepatic Steatosis by Activating Autophagy in Mice. Nutrients. 7; 10(11). 2018-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetic complication marked by albuminuria & a decline of the glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic kidneys are defective in the autophagy process & mitochondrial function & their enhancement of activity alleviates the pathology. In this paper, we developed a mouse model of DN by a combined treatment of a high-fat diet & streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy & supplementation with f…

Zhu TT et al, Hibifolin, a flavonol glycoside, prevents bêta-amyloïd-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett. 2009.-Abstract: The toxicity of aggregated β-amyloïd (Aβ) has been implicated as a critical cause in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hibifolin, a flavonol glycoside derived from herbal plants, possessed a strong protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Application of Hibifolin in primary cortical neurons prevented the Aβ-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In cultured cortical neurons, the pretreatment of Hibi…

JIANG Q et al, Antiviral action of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L Medic in vitro, Anhui Med & Pharmaceut Jl, 2006.-Abstract: Aim to study antiviral action of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L Medic (TFA) in vitro. Methods Herpès simplex virus-Ⅰ(HSV_ (1)) & Herpès simplex virus-Ⅱ(HSV_(2))virus will go down to the future generation in Hep-2 cell, then titrate its 50% tissue cell infection dose(TCID_(50)) & test 50% inhibition concentration(IC_(50)) & therapy index(TI) of TFA. Results IC_ (50) of TFA is 1.01±0.39 mg L~ (-1) & 1.21±0.42 mg·L~ (-1) on HSV_ (1) & HSV_ (2) respectivel…

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) & increase serum potassium concentration ([K+]). This indirect comparison investigated any differences in SBP-lowering & hyperkalemia risk between finerenone, a nonsteroidal MRA, & the steroidal MRA spironolactone ± a potassium binder.

YU H et al, Evaluation of the efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on diabetic nephropathy by analyzing biomarkers in the glomeruli & proximal & distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, Front Pharmacol, 14:1215996. 2023-Abstract: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) in the form of Huangkui (HK) capsule has been used as a medication for kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), in China. The most significant effect of HK capsule treatment in kidney diseases is the reduction of albuminuria and proteinuria. To evaluate the efficacy of HK capsule in the regre…

Lu LL et al, A quantitative method using, one marker for simultaneous assay of seven flavonoids in the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot. Chin. J.l Pharm. Anal, 2013; 33: 2082–7. Preparation of TFA: Abelmoschus Manihot L. Medic were collected from Jiangnan of Jiangsu province, China. TFA was extracted from the flowers of Abelmoschus Manihot by the Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 500g of A Manihot flowers was immersed in 8000 ml 75% ethanol for 1 h. The mixture was reduced for 1 h at 90 °C& altered by analytical alter paper. The extracts…

Xian YL et al, A flavonoid glucuronide from Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik. Biochem Systematics & Ecology 35, 891-3. 2007

Yi L et al, Simultaneous determination of the active ingredients in Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus by CZE. Chromatographia, 67: 819-23, 2008.

Yokozawa T et al, Protective effects of some flavonoids on the renal cellular membrane. Experimental Toxicol & Pathology 51: 9–14. 1999.

Embodiment 2: [0025]: 1007 kg AM seed of the AM population. First use a vibrating sieve to remove the big & small light impurities & then adopt blower type raw material cleaning machine to remove the dust, sand & other impurities to get 1000 kg pure seeds. Put the pure seeds into rolling type peeling machine (comprising vibrating sieves & air separation systems) to directly get 800 kg pure materials. Then use a screw-type continuous oil mill for degreasing & get 720 kg oily pure materials & 80 kg kernel fat with impurities. Separate the kernel fat with impurities through static sedimentatio…

LUAN F et al, Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, & Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review, Front Pharmacol, 11:1068, 2020-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot, an annual herbal flowering plant, is widely distributed throughout eastern Europe & in temperate & subtropical regions of Asia. Its flowers have been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in China. Currently, more than 128 phytochemical ingredients have been obtained and identified from the flowers, seeds, stems, and leaves of A. manihot. The prim…

Wen JY et al, Protective effect of Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot on cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Am Jl of Chinese Med, 2: 653-61- 2007-Abstract: The present study was to investigate the effect of pharmacological preconditioning of total flavones of abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by occluding the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). The infarct size was determined by staining with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The serum malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) …

Shi LW et al, Abelmoschus manihot for Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis, Evidence-based Comp & Alter Med, 2019-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many trials have shown that Abelmoschus manihot could further improve proteinuria & protect kidney function in patients with DN when added to a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker. A systematic assessment of the efficacy & safety of A. manihot in DN is essential. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify eligible trials published from inception to Decemb…

Lee S.Y et al, Antioxidant & α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the leaf & stem of selected traditional medicinal plants. Inter Food Res J, 21(1), 165-72. 2014.

Zhang SH et al. Outer treatment of small area burn applied with oil of Abelmoschus manihot. Lishizhen Med & Material Med Res, 8: 96. 1997.

TU Y et al, Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Remodels Gut Microbiota & Inhibits Micro-inflammation in Chronic Renal Failure Progression by Targeting Autophagy-Mediated Macrophage Polarization, , Front Pharmacol, 2020-Abstract: Recently, progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) has been closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis & intestinal metabolite-derived micro-inflammation. In China, total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a component of AM has been widely used to delay CRF progression in clinics for the past two decades. However, the overall therapeutic mechanisms re…

Kovalchuk S et al, Estrogenik activity of triterpene glycosides in yeast two-hybrid assay. The Jl of Steroid Biochem & Molecular Biol. 101(4 –5) :226 –31.

Ding L et al, Effects of Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic on hemodynamics & myocardial oxygen consumption in anaesthetized dogs, Pharmacol & Clinics of Chi Materia Med, 2013.-Abstract: To investigate the effects of Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic (TFA) on hemodynamics & myocardial oxygen consumption in anesthetized dogs. Methods: In 30 dogs with artificial ventilation, the changes in parameters at different time were observed, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), coronary blood flow (CBF), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular pressure (LVP) …

Zhao L et al, Huangkui capsule alleviates doxorubicin-induced proteinuria via protecting against podocyte damage & inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling. Jl Ethnopharmacol. 306: 116150, 2023- Abstract: Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in China as adjuvant therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It displays superior anti-proteinuria efficacy than losartan in patients with CKD at stages 1-2, however, the mechanism of HKC alleviating proteinuria has not been well elucidated. Aim of the study: This study aims to confirm the therapeutic effect & investigate assoc…

Guo J et al, Anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like activity of Abelmoschus manihot ethanol extract & its potential active components in vivo, Phytomed, 18(4) :1250-4, 2011-Abstract: The flower of Abelmoschus manihot has been reported to have neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia injury. In order to further explore the activity of A manihot on the central nervous system, the anticonvulsant & antidepressant-like effects of A manihot ethanol extract (AMEE) as well as its potential active components in vivo was investigated in the present study. It was found that AMEE could protect mic…

Jain PS et al, Analgesic activity of Abelmoschus manihot extracts, Inter Jl of Pharmacol, 7(6): 716-20, 2011.-Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of the petroleum ether & methanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) leaves using hot plate & tail immersion model. The air-dried, powdered leaves (1000 g) were extracted over Soxhlet with petroleum ether & methanol. The crude dried petroleum ether (10 g) & methanol (25 g) extracts were prepared at the doses of 100, 200 & 400 mg -1 kg& evaluated for analgesic activity using the hot plate & tail im…

LIU BH et al, Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Podocyte Pyroptosis & Injury in High Glucose Conditions by Targeting METTL3-Dependent 6- m A Modification-Mediated NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation & PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling, Front Pharmacol, 12:667644, 2021-Abstract:  The total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a compound that is extracted from A manihot, has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of this compound have yet to be elucidated. Podocyte pyroptosis is characte…

Chen YZ et al. Efficacy & safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review. Chin. Jl. Integr. Med. 2015; 21: 464–72.

Han W et al. Huangkui capsule alleviates renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation & TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Phytomed, 57, 203–14. 2018-Abstract:  Huangkui capsule (HKC), an anti-inflammatory Chinese modern patent medicine, has been now widely applied to the clinical therapy of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the overall therapeutic mechanisms in vivo are still unclear. Renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the major pathogeneses of renal interstitial fibrosis in DN. Recently, the physi…

Li XH et al, Clinical Research of Combination Therapy with Abelmoschus Moschatus & Losartan for Diabetic Nephropathy, Clin Med Engineer, 2009--Abstract: to investigate the curative effects of abelmoschus moschatus & losartan for diabetic nephropathy. Methods:60 patients with diabetic nephropathy were divided into two groups: combined treatment group & losartan group with 30 cases in each group. The patients were treated with A moschatus & losartan in combined treatment group. The patients were treated with losartan in the other group. Then the levels of UAER, β2-MG, FBG, TC, TG & BUN, Scr w…

Wang Y et al, Analysis of volatile constituents from Abelmoschus manihot by GC-MS. Asian Jl of Chem, 27(10), 3684-6. 2015-Abstract: the volatile constituents from Flos Abelmoschus manihot were extracted from Flos AM by steam distillation & analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 47 compounds were successfully identified. The major components of the volatile constituents in Flos AM  included hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-hexadecane (37.83 %), pentacosane (13.49 %), 9-octyl-heptadecane (9.78 %), cedrol (3.07 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (2.79 %), tetratetracontane (2.78…

Xue C et al, Screening for in vitro metabolites of Abelmoschus manihot extract in intestinal bacteria by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Jl Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2011; 879: 3901–8.

YAN X et al, Exploring the molecular mechanisms for renoprotective effects of Huangkui capsule on diabetic nephropathy mice by comprehensive serum metabolomics analysis, Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 340:119223. 2025--Abstract: Huangkui capsule (HKC), a patent traditional Chinese medicine, has shown significant efficacy in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have shown that HKC can alleviate kidney damage in DN. However, the exact mechanisms through which it exerts its effects remain unclear. Aim of the study: This study aimed to elucidate…

Taroreh M et al, Antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Gedi’s (Abelmoschus manihot) leaves. Report of Inter Conf on Food for A Quality Life. Indonesia:

GU L et al, Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis & Pharmacological Evaluation to Explore the Active Components & Mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. On Renal Fibrosis, Drug Des Devel Ther, 14:4053-4067. 2020-Abstract: Renal fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) that is considered as a global public health issue with high morbidity & mortality. The dry corolla of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. (AMC) has been used for chronic nephritis in clinic & showed a superior effect in alleviating proteinuria in CKD patients to losartan. However, the ef…

Zhong H et al, Effect of anti-infection oral mucosa ulcers of guinea-pig & antibacterial in vitro of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L Medic, Anhui Med & Pharmaceut J, 10 :810-1, 2006-Abstract: Aim To study anti-infection oral mucosa ulcers of guinea-pig & antibacterial action in vitro of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L Medic (TFA). Methods: TFA were used to treat infected oral mucosa ulcers of guinea-pig, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were observed. Results: TFA have significantly shortened healing time of infected oral mucosa ulcers of guinea-pig. MIC of TFA is 3.125 …

Xiong NN et al, 26 chyluria patients treated with the flower of Abelmoschus manihot & experiment. Liaoning J lof Traditional Chinese Med, 23: 232–33.1996.

LI Y et al, Efficacy & safety of Huangkui capsule for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis, Medicine (Baltimore), 31;103(22): e38417-2024-Abstract: To systematically evaluate the efficacy & safety of Huangkui capsule (HKC) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: A computerized search of 8 online databases, CNKI, VIP, WANGFANG, CBM, ChiCTR, Embase, PubMed, & Cochrane Library, was conducted from the time of database construction to June 23, 2023, and randomized controlled trials of HKC for the treatment of DN were included according to the predefined scree…

LIU BH et al, Total Flavones of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Podocyte Pyroptosis & Injury in High Glucose Conditions by Targeting METTL3-Dependent m6A Modification-Mediated NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation & PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling, Front Pharmacol, 12:667644.2021-Abstract: The total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA), a compound that is extracted from Abelmoschus manihot, has been widely used in China to reduce podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of this compound have yet to be elucidated. Podocyte pyroptosis is cha…

Jain PS et al, Evaluation of wound healing effect of Abelmoschus manihot in rats, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 20(5): 756-61. 2010.

Chen Y et al. The efficacy & safety of Abelmoschus manihot (a traditional Chinese medicine) for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis of observational studies (FP-373). Poster presented at 49th Eur Renal Ass– Eur Dialysis & Transplant Assoc Congress, 246 29, 2012;

Shen YQ et al, Clinical research of Huangkui Capsule in treating Chronic Kidney Disease III Phase of Chronic Nephritis in 37 Cases. Chin. Jl Exp. Tradit. Med. Form. 2014, 20, 205–

Liu Y et al, Interactions Between Thrombin with Flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot Medicus by CZE. Chromatographia. 2006.-Abstract: A capillary zone electrophoretic method was applied to determine the interactions between flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot & thrombin. Samples containing flavonoids & thrombin at various ratios were incubated at 25 °C & then were separated by CZE with tris-acetate buffer at pH 7.2. Each run could be accomplished within 10 min. In CZE, the peak width broadened due to the affinity interactions between flavonoids & thrombin. Compared with positive & negative c…

Zhou L et al. Pretreatment with the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot & hyperoside prevents glomerular podocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Jl. Med. Food 2012; 15: 461–8.

PAN Wu et al, Effects of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot on apoptosis & Fas expression in human umbilical endothelial cells, Modern Medical J 2012.-Abstract: To observe the effects of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA)on apoptosis & apoptosis-related protein Fas expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in vitro with adding TFA, & according to the concentration of total flavone of A manihot, HUVEC were divided into four groups: FA 0 μg·ml-1 group(the control group),TFA 5 μg·ml-1 group, TFA 10 μg·ml-1…

Han XL et al, 82 cases of canker treated with cataplasm made from the flower of Abelmoschus manihot. Clinical Jl of Chinese Traditional Med, 9: 308. 1997.

Puel C et al, Preventive effect of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik on bone loss in the ovariectomized rats. Jl Ethnopharm. 99:655-60, 2005.- Abstract: We thus investigated the ability of Abelmoschus manihot, an herbal medicine to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar rats were sham operated (SH: 8) or ovariectomized (OVX: 24). On day 0, OVX rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows: eight received 10% A manihot leaves in their diet, eight were given 15% A manihot leaves & eight were untreated (OVX). Compounds were mixed with a soy protein-free diet and given or…

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