Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Cekic B et al. Radiolabeling of methanol extracts of yarrow (achillea millefolium l) in rats. Acta Cir Bras.  2012; 27:294-300.

Ghavami G et al, Anticancerous potentials of achillea species against selected cell lines. J Med Plants Res. 2010; 4:2411-17.

Ahmad Tariq K et al, Anthelmintic efficacy of Achillea millefolium against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: In vitro & in vivo studies, Jl of Entomol, 82(3):227-33, 2008-Abstract: Achillea millefolium is used by farmers in traditional animal health care as a vermifuge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts & crude ethanolic extracts of entire A. millefolium against the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro studies & faecal egg count reduction assay was used for in vivo studi…

Keser S et al, Antioxidant activity, total phenolic & flavonoid content of water & ethanol extracts from Achillea millefolium L. Jl. Pharm. Sci., 10: 385-92.2013.

Mazandarani M et al, Essential oil composition & antibacterial activity of Achillea millefolium l. From different regions in north east of Iran. Jl Med Plants Res. 2013; 7:1063-69.

Rabbi Angourani H et al, Investigation on t,he Essential Oils of the Achillea Species: From Chemical Analysis to the In Silico Uptake against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Life (Basel), 13(2) :378, 2023-Abstract: In this study, phytochemicals extracted from three different Achillea genera were identified & analyzed to be screened for their interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In particular, the antiviral potential of these natural products against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was investigated, as was their effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-1 main protease as a standard (due to its hi…

Chandler RF et al, Ethnobotany & phytochemistry of Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae. Econ Bot. 1982 ;36 :203–23.

Benedek B et al, Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: Recent findings confirm the traditional use. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 57:312–4. 2007-Abstract: Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.) is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory & spasmodic gastro-intestinal disorders, hepato-biliary complaints & inflammation. Now we could show that the flavonoids mediated the antispasmodic properties of AM whereas the dicaffeoylquinic acids caused the choleretic effects. Moreover, we observed an in vitro-inhibition of human neutrophil elastase, a protease involved in the inflammatory process,…

Goldberg AS et al, Isolation of the anti-inflammatory principles from Achillea millefolium (Compositae) Jl Pharm Sci. 2006 ;58 :938–41.

Mohamed D et al, Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory & Antiarthritic Activities of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), Jl of Biol Sci, 18 :317-28, 2018-Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease associated with elevation of oxidative stress & inflammatory markers. The aim of the present research was evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & antiarthritic activities of Yarrow aerial parts (YAP). Materials & Methods: Proximate composition of YAP was assessed. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, tannins & alkaloids contents of YAP were determined. Fatty acids…

Benedek B et al, Choleretic effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium s.l.) in the isolated perfused rat liver. Phytomed, 13:702–6. 2006-Abstract: Different species from the Achillea millefolium aggregate are used against gastrointestinal & hepato-biliary disorders in traditional European medicine. In this work, a fraction enriched in dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCCAs) & luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide was investigated on its choleretic effect in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) compared to cynarin (1,3-DCCA), the main choleretic compound of Cynara scolymus L. A fraction containing 3,4-, 3,…

GUZ L et al, Anti-babesial potential & chemical composition of essential oil from yarrow Achillea millefolium, Pol Jl Vèt Sci, 24(1):79-84, 2021-Abstract: Achillea millefolium essential oil (AEO) was screened for in vitro activity against Babesia canis. The AEO was obtained by hydrodistillation & analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS revealed the presence of 47 compounds in the EO, Those present in the highest concentrations were chamazulene (34.45%), β-caryophyllene (8.93%), (E)-germacrene D (7.55%), patchoulene (7.27%), β-guaiene (4.62%), α-humulene (4…

Kintzios S et al. Evaluation of the antioxidant activities of four Slovene medicinal plant species by traditional & novel biosensory assays. Jl Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010; 53:773-6.

Bhat HM et al. Antioxidant & cytotoxic activities of Achillea millefolium from Kashmir. Jl Acad Ind Res. 2014; 2:487-91-Abstract: Antioxidant & cytotoxic activities of Achillea millefolium were investigated in this study. The cytotoxic effect of methanol & chloroform extracts of A. millefolium against four human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), leukemia (THP-1), prostate (PC-3) & ovarian (OVCAR-5) was evaluated using Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using two assay systems: 2, 2-dipheny-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) & 2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethy…

GUZ L et al, In vitro antioxidant & antibabesial activities of the extracts of Achillea millefolium, Pol Jl Vèt Sci, 22(2):369-76, 2019-Abstract: Despite many phytochemical & pharmacological investigations, to date, there are no reports concerning the antibabesial activity of extracts of A. millefolium against B. canis. This study was aimed at investigating the biological activities of AM against the Babesia canis parasite & to identify its chemical ingredients. The water (WE), ethanol (EE) & hexane/acetone (H/AE) extracts of plant aerial parts were screened for total phenolic content (TPC)…

Konyalgliu S et al, The protective effects of Achillea L. species native in Turkey against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes & leucocytes, Jl of Ethnopharm, 102 (2) : 221-7, 2005-Abstract : The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of infusions prepared from 15 Achillea (Asteraceae) species against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes & leucocytes used in traditional Turkish medicine. CAT, SOD & GPx activities, effects of LPO & GSH levels of the infusions on erythrocytes & leucocytes were assessed. The results indicated that all …

Bimbirait K et al, Comparison of the chemical composition of four Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) morphotypes. Biologija. 2008 ;54 :208–12.

Daniel P.S et al, Composition & antimicrobial activity of essential oil of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Aust. Jl. Crop Sci. 2020;14:545–50-Abstract: he medicinal plant yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) belongs to the Asteracea family. It is being used in the pharmacological, food, and cosmetic industry. The economic importance of yarrow resides in its essential oil (EO). This plant is used in traditional medicine as the EO has properties which range from antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant &antitumor activities. The objective of this study was to identify chemical…

Hassani B H et al Biochemical & Pathological Study of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Achillea millefolium L on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Nephrolithiasis in Laboratory Rats, N Am J Med Sci, ;6(12) :638-42. 2014-Abstract: In this study, we investigated the protective & curative effects of Achillea millefolium on ethylene glycol (EG)-induced Nephrolithiasis in rats. Materials & methods: The extract of A. millefolium was prepared by Soxhlet method. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (N = 8) as follows. The negative control (group A) received tap drinking water. Rats in sham …

Koushyar H et al, The Effect of Hydroethanol Extract of Achillea Millefolium on β-adrenoceptors of Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle, Indian Jl Pharm Sci, 75(4) : 400–5.2013-Abstract : Different pharmacological effects of Achillea millefolium including its relaxant effect on smooth muscle have been shown previously. In the present study the stimulatory effect of the plant extract on β-adrenoceptor of tracheal muscle was examined in order to investigate one possible mechanism for its observed relaxant effect. Effect of three concentrations of Hydroethanol extract, 10 nM propranolol, & saline…

Bittencourt-Potrich FB et al, Antiulcerogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium L.: involvement of the antioxidant system, Jl Ethnopharmacol, 130(1) :85-92. 2010-Abstract: Achillea millefolium. is a member of the Asteraceae family that is commonly referred to as "Yarrow" & has been used in folk medicine against several disturbances including skin inflammations, spasmodic & gastrointestinal disorders, as well as hepato-biliary complaints. Aim of the study: In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a hydroalcoholic extract from the A millefolium (HE) for gast…

De Sant ‘Anna JR et al. Genotoxicity of Achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of aspergillus nidulans. Phytother Res. 23:231-5. 2009-Abstract: The essential oil of Achillea millefolium is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases and has been demonstrated previously to exert an in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Current study investigates the genotoxic activity of AM oil. The oil's major constituents are: chamazulene (42.15%), sabinene (19.72%), terpin-4-ol (5.22%), beta-caryophyllene (4.44%) & eucalyptol (3.10%), comprising 74.…

Lemmens-Gruber R et al, Investigation of the spasmolytic activity of the flavonoid fraction of Achillea millefolium s.l. on isolated guinea-pig ilea. Arzneim-Forschung. 2006 ;56 :582–8- Abstract: The spasmolytic activity of a flavonoid fraction of a commercial sample of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium s.l.), its main flavonoids as well as quercetin & two flavonoid metabolites were investigated on isolated terminal guinea-pig ilea. The aglycones quercetin, Luteolin & apigenin exhibited the highest antispasmodic activities with IC50 values of 7.8 micromol/L, 9.8 micromol/L & 12.5 micromol/L, res…

Babaei M et al, Antimotility effect of hydroalcoholic extract of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on the guinea-pig ileum, Pak Jl Biol Sci, 10(20):3673-7. 2007-Abstract: The effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract on the contractile responses of the isolated guinea-pig ileum were investigated. The effect of the AM extracts at five concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 mg mL (-1) was tested. The terminal ileum was removed. Segments were fixed in an organ bath containing in Tyrode solution. Contraction changes in the tissues were monitored using force displacement transducer ampli…

Düsman E et al, Antimutagenic Effect of Medicinal Plants Achillea millefolium & Bauhinia forficata In Vivo, Evid Based Comp &Alter Med, 893050.2013-Abstract: The investigation of traditionally used medicinal plants is valuable both as a source of potential chemotherapeutic drugs & as a measure of safety for the continued use of these medicinal plants. Achillea millefolium L. (AM) is an ancient remedial herb native to Europe that is used to treat wounds, gastrointestinal & hepatobiliary disorders, inflammation, headaches, & pain. Bauhinia forficata Link (BF), an Asiatic plant, is one of the …

Jaffary F et al, the efficacy of Achilles millefolium topical gel along with intralesional injection of Glucantime in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis major, Adv Biomed Res, 31 ;3 :111, 2011-Abstract: Leishmaniasis is still one of the endemic parasitic infections in many countries comprising Iran. During the past decades, several medical & surgical approaches have been applied & studied to achieve the best option to treat the cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran & the world. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of topical Achilles millefolium in conjunction with intral…

Lin L et al, in vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother. Res. 2002 ;16 :440–4.

Olaku O et al, Herbal therapy use by cancer patients: A literature review on case reports. Eur J Cancer. 2011; 47:508-14.

Tadic V et al, The estimation of the traditionally used Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.  Asteraceae) oil extract; with   anti-inflammatory    potential    in    topical    application. Jl. Ethnopharmacol, 199: 138-48. 2017.-Abstract: Olive or sunflower oil yarrow extracts have been extensively used against inflammatory disorders & skin wound healing in traditional medicine. Aim of the study: To evaluate oil AM extracts traditional use in treatment of topical /dermatological skin impairments, sodium lauryl sulfate test was applied, & in vivo measuring of the biophysical parameters (erythema …

Fattahi S et al. Total phenolic & flavonoid contents of aqueous extract of stinging nettle & in vitro antiproliferative effect on HeLa & bt-474 cell lines. Int. Jl Mol Cell Med. 2014; 3:102.

Jenabi E et al, Effect of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Jl Pediatric. Adolescent. Gynecol., 28: 402-4. 2015.-Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea occurs in as many as 50% of post menarche women a& is characterized by a particularly intense pain that is localized in the abdominal inferior quadrants & radiates to the inner tight. This study assessed the effectiveness of Achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea. Materials & Methods: The clinical trial was conducted at Islamic Azad, Toy Serkan Branch in western Iran fro…

MACAR TK et al, A study on the effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract on vanadium toxicity in Allium cepa L, Sci Rep, 14(1):28486, 2024-Abstract: The growth of industrialization growth the risk of vanadium (V) contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of 200 µg L- 1 VCI3 -induced toxicity as well as the potential protective effect of 187.5 mg L- 1 & 375 mg L- 1Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) extracts against this toxicity on the Allium cepa (A. cepa) model organism. For this purpose, a series of investigations were conducted on the growth physiology altera…

Peng HY et al, the melanogenesis alteration effects of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil & linalyl acetate: involvement of oxidative stress & the JNK & ERK signaling pathways in melanoma cells ¨Plos-One, 9(4): e95186-Abstract: The Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 & p38 MAPK, is known to be activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in melanocytes to regulate melanin production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathway of ERK and JNK activation. It has been esta…

Candan F et al, Antioxidant & antimicrobial activity of the essential oil & methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) Jl Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 87:215–220-Abstract: The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil & methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) were investigated. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 36 compounds constituting 90.8% of the total oil. Eucalyptol, camphor, alpha-terpineol, beta-pinene, & borneol were the principal components comprisi…

Kazemian A et al, Evaluating the efficacy of mixture of Boswellia carterii, Zingiber officinale & Achillea millefolium on severity of symptoms, anxiety & depression in irritable bowel syndrome patients, Jl Res Med Sci.2017-Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) that affects in different aspects of life & patients experienced depression & anxiety more than others. There are several herbal medicines with positive effects in these patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of mixture of Boswellia carterii, Zi…

Maslowski M et al, Potential Application of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) & Yarrow (Achillea millefolium.) as Active Fillers in Natural Rubber Bio composites, Mol Sci, 22(14):7530. 2021-Abstract: In this study, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) were applied as natural fibrous fillers to create bio composites containing substances of plant origin. The purpose of the work was to investigate the activity & effectiveness of selected plants as a material for the modifica…

Si XT et al. Chemical constituents of the plants in the genus Achillea. Chem Biodivers. 2006 ;3 :1163–80.

Li Y et al, Achillinin A, a cytotoxic guaianolide from the flower of Yarrow, Achillea millefolium. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2011 ;75 :1554–6-Abstract: Achillinin A (2β,3β-epoxy-1α,4β,10α-trihydroxyguai-11(13) -en-12,6α-olide, 1), a new guaianolide isolated from the flower of Achillea millefolium, exhibited potential antiproliferative activity to A549, RERF-LC-kJ & QG-90 cells with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.8, 10 & 0.31 μM, respectively.

Niforoushzadeh MA et al, Comparison of Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) & propolis hydroalcoholic extracts versus systemic glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balb/c mice, Jl Vector Borne Dis, 45(4):301-6-Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies. Many investigations are performed to find an effective & safe treatment for leishmaniasis. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of herbal extracts of Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) & Achillea millefolium (Yarrow), propolis hydroalcoholic extract & systemic glucantime against c…

Veryser L et al, N-alkylamide profiling of Achillea ptarmica & Achillea millefolium extracts by liquid & gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Jl. Pharm. Anal., 7: 34-47. 2017.

Montanari T et al, Antispermatogenic effect of Achillea millefolium L. in mice, Contraception, (5) :309-13, 1998-Abstract: The effect of an ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg/day, intra-peritoneally, for 20 days) & a hydroalcoholic extract (300 mg/kg/day, orally, for 30 days) of Achillea millefolium flowers on the spermatogenesis of Swiss mice was studied by evaluating morphologic characteristics with the light & electron microscopes. The alterations observed were exfoliation of immature germ cells, germ cell necrosis & seminiferous tubule vacuolization. Animals treated with the extracts had an i…

Toplan GG et al, Comparative Studies on Essential Oil & Phenolic Content with In Vitro Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial Activities of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. & A. millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. L. Growing in Eastern Turkey, Mol, 27(6):1956. 2022--Abstract: The potential applications of Achillea species in various industries have encouraged the examination of their phytochemical components along with their biological potential. In the present study, phenolic contents & essential oil compositions together with the in vitro biological activities of the aerial parts fro…

Moradi MT ert al, Antispasmodic effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract in the isolated ileum of rat, Afr Jl Trad Comp & Alter Med, 10(6):499-503. 2013-Abstract: Achillea millefolium L. is cultivated in Iran and widely used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of AM on the contraction & relaxation of isolated ileum in rat. In this experimental study, aerial parts of AM were extracted by maceration in ethanol 70% for 72 h. Terminal portion of ileum in 100 male Wistar rats was dissected …

Shalizar-JA et al, Achillea millefolium inflorescence aqueous extract ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in rat testis: serological évidences, Chin Jl of Nat Med, 247-54, 2012-Abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is extensively used for the treatment of various cancers, as well as an immunosuppressive agent. However, CP is known to cause several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity. Achillea millefolium, a widely distributed medicinal plant, is highly regarded for its medicinal activities, including antioxidant & anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was conducted…

Tozyo T et al, Novel antitumor sesquiterpenoids in Achillea millefolium. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 42 :1096–100, 1994-

Mouhid L et al, Identification of antitumoral agents against human pancreatic cancer cells from Asteraceae & Lamiaceae plant extracts. BMC Comp Altern Med. 2018; 18(1):254-Abstract: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive & mortal cancers. Although several drugs have been proposed for its treatment, it remains resistant & new alternatives are needed. In this context, plants & their derivatives constitute a relevant source of bioactive components which might efficiently inhibit tumor cell progression. METHODS: In this study, we have analyzed the potential anti-carcinogenic effect of …

Trumbeckaite S et al. Achillea millefolium l. S. L. Herb extract: Antioxidant activity & effect on the rat heart mitochondrial functions. Food Chem. 2011; 127:1540–48.

PERON AP et al, Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity & antimutagenicity of a natural antidepressant, Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), on vegetal & animal test systems, BMC Comp Alter Med, 13:97, 2013-Abstract:  St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an herbaceous plant that is native to Europe, West Asia & North Africa & that is recognized & used worldwide for the treatment of mild & moderate depression. It also has been shown to be therapeutic for the treatment of burns, bruises & swelling & can be used for its wound healing, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, a…

Taghi-Moradi M et al, Antispasmodic effects of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract in the isolated ileum of rat, Jl Tradit Comp Alter Med, 10(6) :499-503, 2013-Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium on the contraction & relaxation of isolated ileum in rat. In this experimental study, aerial parts of A. millefolium were extracted by maceration in ethanol 70% for 72 h. Terminal portion of ileum in 100 male Wistar rats was dissected & its contractions were recorded isotopically in an organ bath containing Tyrode soluti…

Stojanović-Radić Z et al, Antimicrobial activity of the three commercial drug’s essential oils: Chamomillae flos, Calendula flos & Millefolii herba, Biol Nyssana, 3 (2) : 69-76. 2012- Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of the three commercial drug’s essential oils: Chamomilla flos, Calendulae flos & Millefolii herba. Commercial herbal drugs of the three plants belonging to family Asteraceae were used for the extraction of the essential oils (hydrodistillation method). Since various factors during the processing of the plant material can affect several characteristics of essential oils such as…

Tajik Het al, In vitro assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium in comparison with Penicillin derivatives. Jl Anim Vet Adv. 2008 ;7 :508–11-Abstract: Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) has been used as a spice & medicinal plant in many ancient cultures from olden times. Today, biochemical investigations have shown different bioactive components responsible to medicinal & therapeutic properties of yarrow, in particular antimicrobial effect of it. Aim of this study is in vitro assessment of potential of inhibitory function of alcoholic extract of AM on some…

Raju D et al, Evaluation of antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium Linn flowers. Arch Appl Sci Res.1 :287–93. 2009.

Vitalini S et al. Phenolic compounds from Achillea millefolium l & their bioactivity. Acta Biochim. Pol. 2011; 58:203-9.-Abstract: Since antiquity, Achillea millefolium has been used in traditional medicine of several cultures, from Europe to Asia. Its richness in bioactive compounds contributes to a wide range of medicinal properties. In this study, we assessed A. millefolium methanolic extract & its isolated components for free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-pycrilhydrazyl, total antioxidant capacity (based on the reduction of Cu (++) to Cu (+)), & ability to inhibit lip…

Yassa N et al, Three phenolic glycosides & immunological properties of Achillea millefolium from Iran, population of Golestân. Jl Pharm Sci. 2007 ;15 :49–52 -Abstract: From MeOH extract of aerial parts of Achillea millefolium collected from Golestân province of Iran, three glycosylated phenolic compounds, Luteolin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside & Caffeic acid glucoside were isolated & identified by spectroscopic analyses. Immunological properties of different fractions of plant extract were studied on humoral immune system of BALB/c mice by Micro-haemagglutination test. Among these f…

Ali SJ et al, Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry & pharmacological properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A review. Phytother. Res. 2017; 31:1140–61-Abstract: Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) is an important species of Asteraceae family with common utilization in traditional medicine of several cultures from Europe to Asia for the treatment of spasmodic gastrointestinal disorders, hepatobiliary, gynecological disorders, against inflammation & for wound healing. An extensive review of literature was made on AM using ethno botanical text books, published articles in peer-reviewed journals, unpubli…

Anonymous, Final report on the safety assessment of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Extract, Int Jl Toxicol, 20 Suppl 2 :79-84.2001-Abstract: Yarrow extract is an extract of the Yarrow plant, Achillea millefolium, supplied in polypropylene glycol, which is reported to function as a "biological additive" in cosmetic products. Sesquiterpene lactones, polyacetylenes, simple coumarins & flavonoids have been identified among the many components of A. millefolium. Yarrow Extract was reportedly used in 65 cosmetic formulations. Historically, Yarrow extract was reported to be used at concentrations o…

Amini NB et al, Antioxidant & Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous & Hydroalcoholic Extracts of the Achillea Millefolium L. on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line, Int Biol Biomed Jl Summer, 165, 2015-Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant & anti-proliferative potential of Achillea millefolium. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous & hydroalcoholic extracts of A millefolium leaf & flower was measured by DPPH & FRAP method while its anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was evaluated using MTT assay.  The ethanolic extract of the leaf & the methanolic…

Amirghofran Z et al: Cytotoxic activity of Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium & Thuja orientalis on different growing cell lines. Med Jl Islam Republic Iran 2001, 15:149–54.-Abstract: The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of Thymus vulgaris, Thuja orientalis & Achillea millefolium was investigated on various growing tumor cell lines. MTT colorimetric assay was used for measuring the inhibition of cell proliferation. All of the three extracts showed a relatively dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer (SK-Br-3, MDA-MB-435) & leukemia (U937 & K 562) cell li…

Ayoobi F et al, Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders- a review, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 20(6):604-12. 2017-Abstract: The Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) is a common herb which is widely being used, worldwide. Achillea is being used for treatment of many disorders since centuries. It is considered safe for supplemental use & flavonoids such as kaempferol, luteolin & apigenin are of main constituents present in Achillea. Most of both antioxidant & anti-inflammatory properties of this herb have been attributed to …

Bag A et al, Medicinal plants & urinary tract infections, an update. Phcog Rev. 2008 ;24 :277–84.

Baretta IP et al, Anxiolytic-like effects of acute & chronic treatment with Achillea millefolium L. Extract, Jl Ethnopharmacol, 40(1) :46-54, 2012-Abstract: Achillea millefolium has been used as folk medicine for gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, anxiety & insomnia. Aim: To evaluate the potential anxiolytic-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract of A millefolium L. in animal models.  Methods: The present study evaluated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of A millefolium in mice subjected to the elevated plus-maze, marble-burying, and open-field tests. Ad…

Becker LC et al, Safety Assessment of Achillea millefolium as Used in Cosmetics, Int Jl Toxicol, Abstract: Cosmetic ingredients derived from Achillea millefolium function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous, skin-conditioning agents-humectants & fragrance ingredients. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed relevant animal & human data to determine their safety in cosmetics and raised concerns about cosmetics containing linalool, thujone, quercetin, hydroquinone, or α-peroxy-achifolid. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals…

Bahmani M et al, THE ANTI-LEECH EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L. COMPARED TO LEVAMISOLE & NICLOSAMIDE ON LIMNATIS NILOTICA, Studia Universitatis, 24 (3) :293-7, 2014-Abstract: This experimental trial was designed to evaluate the anti-Limnatis nilotica effect of Achillea millefolium ethanolic extract as well as Lévamisole & niclosamide. In an experimental study the extract of A millefolium aerial parts was prepared & then the severity effect of the treatments was recorded & compared with placebo group on L nilotica as anti-leech assay. The average time of paralysis & de…

Borrelli F et al, Prokinetic effect of a standardized yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extract & its constituent choline: Studies in the mouse & human stomach. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24: E164–E190.2012-Abstract: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by alterations in gastric motility. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L., Fam Asteraceae) preparations are traditional remedies used to treat dyspeptic complaints. Herein, we investigated the effect of a standardized dry water extract obtained from AM flowering tops (AME) on gastric motility. Methods…

Boskabady MH et al, Relaxant Effects of Achillea millefolium on Guinea-pig Tracheal Chains. Pharmacol Online. 2009 ;3 :893–9.

Mohammad-Hosseini M et al, Chemical composition of the essential oils & extracts of Achillea species & their biological activities:  A   review. Jl Ethnopharmacol., 199: 257- 315. 2017-Abstract: The Asteraceae (alt. Compositae) family incorporates a large number of flowering plants, which have been classified under ca. 1600 genera covering more than 23,000 species. The genus Achillea is one of the best-known genera of this family. The Achillea species are important for their uses in the chemical & pharmaceutical purposes, & traditional & folk medicines. From ethnobotanical point of view, t…

Cavalcanti AM et al, Safety & antiulcer efficacy studies of Achillea millefolium L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats. Jl. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 ;107 :277–284-Abstract: Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), popularly known as Yarrow, has been used in folk medicine to treat complaints such as inflammation, pain, wounds, haemorrhages & gastrointestinal disturbances. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety & efficacy of the aqueous extract (AE) of the plant after chronic exposure. Indeed, the AE was effective in protecting the gastric mucosa against acute gastric lesions indu…

Csupor-Loffler M et al. Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids & sesquiterpenoids from achillea millefolium s.l. On cultured human tumour cell lines. Phytother Res. 2009; 23:672-6.-Abstract: The antiproliferative activities of n-hexane, chloroform, aqueous-methanol & aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of the Achillea millefolium aggregate on three human tumour cell lines were investigated by means of MTT assays. The chloroform-soluble extract exerted high tumour cell proliferation inhibitory activities on HeLa & MCF-7 cells, & a moderate effect on A431 cells; accordingly, it was subjected…

Chou ST et al. Achillea millefolium l. Essential oil inhibits lps-induced oxidative stress & nitric oxide production in raw 264.7 macrophages. Int Jl Mol Sci. 2013; 14: 12978- 93.-Abstract: Achillea millefolium L. is a member of the Asteraceae family and has been used in folk medicine in many countries. In this study, 19 compounds in AM essential oil (AM-EO) have been identified; the major components are Artemisia Ketone (14.92%), camphor (11.64%), linalyl acetate (11.51%) & 1,8-cineole (10.15%). AM-EO can suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7…

FAR BF et al, Achillea millefolium: Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, clinical drug-drug interactions & tolerability, Heliyon, 9(12): e22841. 2023-Abstract: Achillea millefolium, known as Yarrow, is a medicinal plant in the Asteraceae family which is one of the oldest known botanicals used by humans and itis one of the most important medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical field. Purpose: This review discusses pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, & mechanism of action of the most important component of AM. There are a variety of same species such as white, red & yellow yarrow & all of the…

Feizpour A et al, the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium on muscarinic receptors of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, Indian Jl Pharmacol. 45(1) : 13–7. 2013-Abstract: To investigate one possible mechanism for the observed relaxant effect of Achillea millefolium, in the present study the inhibitory effect of the extract of this plant on muscarinic receptors was examined. Materials & Methods: The effects of three concentrations of aqueous-ethanolic extract, 10 nM atropine & saline-t-on muscarinic receptors were tested in three conditions: In non-incubated tracheal smoo…

Hosseini MS et al, Antiproliferative Activity of Hypericum perforatum, Achillea millefolium & Aloe vera in Interaction with the Prostatic Activity of CD82 4, Rep Biochem & Mol Biol, 8 :3, 2019-Abstract: This study compares the antitumour effects of three plant species indigenous to Iran & their interaction with cluster of differentiation (CD)-82 protein, a therapeutic target found in prostate cancer cells. Methods: The extracts of Hypericum perforatum, Achillea millefolium & Aloe vera were prepared & their toxicological, cellular & gene expression responses were evaluated in PC-3 human pros…

Innocenti E et al, in vitro estrogenic activity of Achillea millefolium L. Phytomed, 14(2-3), 2007-Abstract: Isolation & biological characterization of pure compounds was used to identify & characterize estrogenic activity & estrogen receptors (ER) preference in chemical components of Achillea millefolium. This medicinal plant is used in folk medicine as an emmenagogue. In vitro assay, based on recombinant MCF-7 cells, showed estrogenic activity in a crude extract of the aerial parts of A. millefolium. After fractionation of the crude extract with increasing polar solvents, estrogenic activ…

Khan A et al, Blood pressure lowering, cardiovascular inhibitory & bronchodilatory actions of Achillea millefolium. Phytother Res. 2011 ;25 :577–83. Abstract: Achillea millefolium Linn. (Asteraceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of overactive cardiovascular & respiratory ailments. This study describes its hypotensive, cardio depressant, vasodilatory & bronchodilatory activities. The crude extract of Achillea millefolium (Am. Cr) caused a dose‐dependent (1–100 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure of rats under anaesthesia. In spontaneously beating guinea‐pig atrial tissues, Am…

Rezaie S et al, Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes & lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Lipids in Health & Disease, 19, Art 81, 2020-Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to metformin on liver damage, lipid abnormality & glycaemic control in diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to 4 groups of rats. Three groups of diabetic rat…

Schepetkin IA et al, Composition & Biological Activity of the Essential Oils from Wild Horsemint, Yarrow, & Yampah from Subalpine Meadows in Southwestern Montana: Immunomodulatory Activity of Dillapiole, Plants (Basel), 2(14):2643. 2023-Abstract Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze (horsemint), Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow), & Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias (yampah) are native, culturally important plants that grow in the subalpine meadows of Montana. Analysis of the composition of EOS extracted from these plants showed that the main components of EOs obtained from flowers…