Citrus aurantifolia (Sitwon) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Citrus aurantifolia (Sitwon, Lemon, Citron) — family Rutacées.

Scientific synonyms : Citrus acida-Roxb, Citrus lima-Lunan, C limonia-Osbeck, lismonia aurantifolia-Christm..

Recognised external sources linked to this monograph: TRAMIL and French Pharmacopoeia.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 15 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 90 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Cancer: adjuvant treatment for liver and breast cancer,

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Phucharoenrak P (2023)

     Excerpt This study aimed to identify the metabolomics profile of phytochemicals & the anti-cancer effects of ethanolic extract of CA peel against liver cancer cells PLC/PRF/5. Taken altogether, the superior effect of the ethanolic extract against liver cancer cells compared to pure compound likely results from the combinatorial effects of limonin, hesperidin, & other phytochemical components in the extract.

   • According to CHENG Y (2024)

     Excerpt It improves liver function, reduces inflammation & oxidative stress, remodels gut microflora, ameliorates hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis, & insulin resistance, & modulates biorhythms. Nobiletin (NOB) is a flavonoid derived from citrus peel that has potential as an alternative treatment for liver disease.

   • According to LIN CY (2022)

     Excerpt The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effects of nobiletin & the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro in hepatic cells & in vivo in zebrafish models. Nobiletin significantly inhibited ANGPTL3 promoter activity & attenuated the transcription factor liver X receptor-α (LXRα)-mediated ANGPTL3 transcription.

   • According to Agyemang AO (2020)

     Excerpt The product Heptonica is prepared by CPMR from three medicinal plants: Bidens pilosa, Citrus aurantifolia, &Trema orientalis. Clinical & liver panel results of the participants also improved compared to the baseline: serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.0001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.0001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p- 0.0013), total bilirubin (p-0.0136), direct bilirubin (p < 0.0001), total proteins (p-0.0409), & alkaline phosphates (p- 0.0284).

   • According to Cirmi S (2017)

     Excerpt Search terms included Citrus, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus Medica fruits, Citrus fruits extract, cancer, neoplasm, neoplasia, tumor, metastasis, carcinogenesis, proliferation. During the last decades, a huge body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that Citrus fruits & their juices might have a role in preventing many diseases including cancer.

2. 2

   Bacterial infection: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

   Plant part used: Sheet.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Aibinu I (2007)

     Excerpt The clinical isolates used included Anaerobic facultative bacteria, namely: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25213, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella flexnerii, Streptococcus faecalis, Citrobacter spp, Serratia spp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, & Escherichia coli; Fungi such as Aspergillus niger & Candida albicans; & Anaerobes which includes Bacteroides spp, Porphyromonas spp, & Clostridium spp. We investigated the potency of Citrus aurantifolia (Lime fruit), against pathogens, in the different forms in which this fruit plant is used locally (juice of the fruit, burnt rind of the fruit commonly known as "epa-ijebu" in the Yoruba dialect) & the oil obtained from steam distillation of the fruit.

   • According to Melendez P (n.d.)

     Excerpt In an effort to document the antibacterial properties of plants commonly used by the people of Puerto Rico, we studied the effects of 172 plant species, utilizing the disc diffusion method, against Escherichia coli & Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that extracts from Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium, Punica granatum, Phyllanthus acidus & Tamarindus indica possess strong in vitro antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested.

   • According to AKINNIBOSUN FI (2015)

     Excerpt Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, & Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium notatum & Candida albicans, were used as test organisms & the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by the agar-well diffusion method. The aim of this research is to comparatively study the phytochemical & antimicrobial properties of Bryophyllum Pinnatum & Citrus aurantifolia leaf extracts & their synergy.

   • According to Punitha V (2022)

     Excerpt The antimicrobial activities & minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined using the agar well diffusion and micro dilution method respectively against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus & Staphylococcus epidermis), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well fungi (Candida albicans & Aspergillus niger). The antimicrobial potential of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), citron (Citrus medica), & wood apple (Limonia acidissima) fruit peel extracts against pathogenic microorganisms was focused in this study.

   • According to Sharma R (2018)

     Excerpt The juice of above-mentioned citrus fruit cultivars was assessed for OAs, total phenolics, free radical scavenging antioxidants & their antimicrobial potential against selected bacterial & fungal strains. The prime aim of this study was to explore major OAs in local citrus fruits (Citrus limetta, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus nobilis, Citrus karna, Citrus medica, Citrus ichangensis & Citrus aurantium) & assessment of their bioactivities.

3. 3

   Osteoarthritis, arthritis, rheumatism, oedema

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Malleshappa P (2018)

     Excerpt The present study was contemplated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory & analgesic potentials in peels of some commercially grown Citrus fruits of South India viz, Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Orange (Citrus reticulata), Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium), Pomelo (Citrus grandis) & Citron (Citrus medica). The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of phytoconstituents by qualitative phytochemical analysis; the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts at 250 & 500mg/Kg body weight concentrations were assessed by in vivo Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model & in vitro HRBC membrane stabilization assay whereas Tail immersion & Hot plate methods have been used to evaluate their analgesic property.

   • According to DURMUS N (2024)

     Excerpt Citrus peels are rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with various health effects including antioxidant, antiobesity, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, & anticarcinogenic activities. Citrus peel powder including ascorbic acid & dietary fiber besides phenolics or extracts therefrom can be used as functional food ingredients to extend shelf life & provide health benefits.

   • According to Oladélé Roko G (2020)

     Excerpt Results: After injection of formalin to animals, inflammatory reaction was almost immediate with appearance of classic signs of acute local inflammation (Redness, pain, heat & edema) at the five experimental groups. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of these plants.

   • According to Gautier-Roko O (2020)

     Excerpt Results: After injection of formalin to animals, inflammatory reaction was almost immediate with appearance of classic signs of acute local inflammation (Redness, pain, heat & edema) at the five experimental groups. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of these plants.

   • According to CHENG Y (2024)

     Excerpt It improves liver function, reduces inflammation & oxidative stress, remodels gut microflora, ameliorates hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis, & insulin resistance, & modulates biorhythms. Nobiletin (NOB) is a flavonoid derived from citrus peel that has potential as an alternative treatment for liver disease.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.