Citrus reticula (Mandarin) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Citrus reticula (Mandarin, Mandarinn, Mandarine) — family Rutacées.

Scientific synonyms : Citrus x aurantium f. deliciosa (Ten.) M.Hiroe, C aurantium var. tachibana Makino, C chrysocarpa Lush., C crenatifolia Lush., C deliciosa Ten., C koozi (Sieb. ex Yu.Tanaka) Yu. T, C lycopersiciformis oozi (Lush) Yu.T, C madurrensis var. deliciosa (Ten.) S, C mangshanensis S.W.He & G.F.Liu, C nippokoreana Yu. Tanaka, C x nobilis var. deliciosa (Ten.) Swingle.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 11 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 104 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Type II diabetes mellitus

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Ali Am (2020)

     Excerpt This study is aimed at assessing the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, & antioxidant effects of Citrus reticulata fruit peel hydroethanolic extract & two flavonoids, hesperidin & quercetin, in nicotinamide (NA)/s treptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, C.R ruit peel hydroethanolic extract, hesperidin, & quercetin have potent antidiabetic effects which may be mediated through their insulinotropic effects & insulin-sensitizing actions.

   • According to Singh YD (2022)

     Excerpt Presence of this compound in Khasi Mandarin display numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-virus, liver protection & pesticidal. Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a unique fruit usually cultivated in high terrains regions of North-East India.

   • According to Duletić-Laušević S (2019)

     Excerpt Since the oxidative stress results in development of numerous diseases, among them neurodegeneration and diabetes , the antioxidant activity, antineurodegenerative & antidiabetic activities were analyzed, aiming to compare potential of plants cultivated under natural conditions & commercially purchased from the market, as well as to compare the effect of different solvents applied in the extraction process. Citrus reticulata (mandarin) is mainly used in food industry for juice production, while its peel as main byproduct contains high concentration of valuable substances.

   • According to Gavimath CC (2010)

     Excerpt The present study was planned to elucidate hypoglycemic effect of EO of Citrus reticulata and its interaction with glibenclamide in hyperglycemic rats. Alloxan induced hyperglycemic male wistar rats were orally administered, the essential oil alone & GLB 0.9mg/kg for 30 days.

   • According to CHENG Y (2024)

     Excerpt It improves liver function, reduces inflammation & oxidative stress, remodels gut microflora, ameliorates hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis, & insulin resistance, & modulates biorhythms. Nobiletin (NOB) is a flavonoid derived from citrus peel that has potential as an alternative treatment for liver disease.

2. 2

   Normalisation of serum parameters: AST, ALP, creatinine, urea

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Singh YD (2022)

     Excerpt Presence of this compound in Khasi Mandarin display numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-virus, liver protection & pesticidal. Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a unique fruit usually cultivated in high terrains regions of North-East India.

   • According to CHENG Y (2024)

     Excerpt It improves liver function, reduces inflammation & oxidative stress, remodels gut microflora, ameliorates hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis, & insulin resistance, & modulates biorhythms. Nobiletin (NOB) is a flavonoid derived from citrus peel that has potential as an alternative treatment for liver disease.

   • According to LIN CY (2022)

     Excerpt Nobiletin (20 & 40 μM) significantly reduced the levels of ANGPTL3 mRNA & intracellular & secreted ANGPTL3 proteins in hepatic cell lines. The aim of this study was to explore the lipid-lowering effects of nobiletin & the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro in hepatic cells & in vivo in zebrafish models.

   • According to Ali Am (2020)

     Excerpt The treatments with CR fruit peel extract, hesperidin, & quercetin significantly ameliorated the impaired oral glucose tolerance; the elevated serum fructosamine level; the diminished serum insulin & C-peptide levels; the altered HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, & HOMA-β cell function; the decreased liver glycogen content; the increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase & glycogen phosphorylase activities; the deleteriously affected serum lipid profile; the elevated serum AST & ALT activities; & the raised serum creatinine & urea levels in the diabetic rats. In addition, the alleviation of the antioxidant defense system by the extract, hesperidin, & naringin may have an important action to enhance the antidiabetic actions & to improve liver & kidney functions in NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats.

   • According to Chen B (2021)

     Excerpt In this study, the preventive effect of tangeretin (TAN), a natural flavonoid derivative from citrus fruits, on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the intestinal barrier function was restored by TAN through enhancing claudin-1 & ZO-1 expressions.

3. 3

   Cancer: adjuvant treatment for hormone-dependent breast cancer

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Du Q (2010)

     Excerpt Determination of polymethoxy-flavones in ponkan peels from different cultivation regions displayed relatively steady contents of the four compounds & a higher content of isosinensetin, which suggested that ponkan peels are excellent sources of functional polymethoxyflavones that may help prevent female cancers, such as ovarian cancer & breast cancer. The antiproliferative activity of the four compounds against four cancer cell lines (A549, HL-60, MCF-7 & HO8910) showed that isosinensetin had a lower IC50value for MCF-7 & HO8910 cancer cell lines.

   • According to El-Kersh DM (2021)

     Excerpt The ethanolic extract of different varieties of citrus peels (aurantifolia, aurantium, paradisii, reticulata, & sinensis) along with eight isolated flavonoids were screened against estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines besides normal cells for evaluating their safety profile. Overall, this study suggests an antitumor potential for naringenin, naringin & quercetin isolated from citrus peels in breast cancer via possible modulation of estrogen signaling & aromatase inhibition suggesting their use in pre- & post-menopausal breast cancer patients, respectively.

   • According to Singh YD (2022)

     Excerpt Presence of this compound in Khasi Mandarin display numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-virus, liver protection & pesticidal. Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a unique fruit usually cultivated in high terrains regions of North-East India.

   • According to Hamdan DL (n.d.)

     Excerpt Santra mandarin volatile components showed good anti-inflammatory activity represented by its effect on tumor necrosis factor- α & nitric oxide. The components of essential oils from the leaf and fruit peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.

   • According to Hoveizi E (2014)

     Excerpt In this research evaluated & compared the toxic effect of Citrus leaves hydroalcoholic extracts on the proliferation & viability of A459 cancer cells. Citrus leaves hydro-alcoholic extract can induce apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose & time-dependent manner.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.