Moringa oleifera (Kilè) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Nayak G et al, Ethanolic extract of Moringa Oleifera Lam leaves protect the prepubertal spermatogonial cells from cyclophosphamide-induced damage, Jl of Ethnopharm, 182(22) :101–9, 2016.-Abstract: The leaves are highly nutritious and are known to possess various biological activities. Materials & methods Prepubertal Swiss albino male mice were injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg/kg body weight) or ethanolic extract of M oleifera leaves (MOE, 100 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. In combination group, MOE was administered 24 h prior to CP injection. Results: CP indu…

Faizî S et al. Novel hypotensive agents, Niaziminin A, niazimin B, niazicin A & niazicin B from Moringa oleifera: Isolation of first naturally occurring carbamates. Jl of the Chem Society Perkin Transactions I: 3035-40, 1994.

Ram J, Moringa a highly nutritious vegetable tree, Tropical Rural & Island/Atoll Development Experimental Station (TRIADES), Technical Bulletin No.2. 1994.

Ruckmani K et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian Jl of Pharmaceut Sciences, 60(1): 33-5. 1998.

Shukla S et al, Biochemical & physiological alterations in female reproductive organs of cyclic rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 19: 225-32. 1998.

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera-Lam against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(1):39-47. -Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimati…

Mahajan SG et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera seed extract on toluene diisocyanate-induced immune-mediated inflammatory responses in rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(2):85-96.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a small tree cultivated throughout India. We have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of M oleifera (MOEE, an herbal remedy) on the potential prevention of immune-mediated inflammatory responses in toluene diisocyanate (TDI as antigen)-induced asthma in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n = 8/group): Group-I = unsensitized control; Group-II = TD…

Abarikwu SO et al, Oral Administration of Moringa Oleifera Oil but Not Coconut Oil Prevents Mercury-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats, Andrologia, 49(1). 2017-Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the effects of administration of Coconut oil (CO) & Moringa oleifera oil (MO) on testicular oxidative stress, sperm quality & steroidogenesis parameters in rats treated with Mercury chloride (HgCl2). After 15 days of oral administration of CO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) & MO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) along with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of HgCl2 (5 mg kg-1 body weight) alone or in …

Shukla S et al, Anti-implantation efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam.& Moringa concanensis Nimmo in rats. Inter Jl of Crude Drug Res, 26(1): 29-32.1998.

Shundumungan M, Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the upregulation of NF-κB & IL-6/STAT3 pathway, Thesis: Kwazulu-Natal Univ, 2016.-ABSTRACT: This study investigated the antiproliferative & cytotoxic effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract (MOE) in the HepG2 cell line. Materials & Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with a range of MOE concentrations (0-4 000 μg/ml) over 72 h. An IC50 was obtained from the MTT assay & used in all subsequent assays. The cells were then assayed for oxidative stress & membrane…

Pal SK et al, antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 14(3): 197-9. 1995.

Pal SK et al, Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats. Phytother Res, 9: 463-5. 1995.

Brown A, Thesis: THE EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON THE ONCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS IN CERVICAL CANCER CELLS, Appalachian State Univ, 2015- Abstract: Many of the traditional treatment methods for cervical cancer – surgery, radiation therapy, & chemotherapy – are often not cancer-specific & are associated with adverse side effects. Our lab focuses on developing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as an oncolytic, or cancer-killing, agent due to the natural ability of this virus to target susceptible cancer cells. However, some cancer cells have demonstrated increased resista…

Villasenor IM et al, Structure of a Mutagen from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Carcinogenesis 10: 1085-7, 1989.

Tsaknis J et al, Characterization of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 47: 4495-9. 1999-Abstract: The oil from Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seeds from Kenya was extracted using three different procedures including cold press (CP), extraction with n-hexane (H), & extraction with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (50:50) (CM). The oil concentration ranged from 25.8% (CP) to 31.2% (CM). The density, refractive index, color, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, sterols, tocopherols (by HPLC),…

Nayak G et al, Sperm Abnormalities Induced by Prepubertal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Are Effectively Mitigated by Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract, Andrologia, 48(2) :125-36, 2016-Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is a medicinal plant with potential antioxidant property. This study was aimed at investigating the chemoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity. Two-week-old male Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate-buffered saline, 50 mg kg (-1) of CP &25 mg kg (-1) of MOE. In combination treatment, mic…

Fahey JW: Moringa Oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its Nutritional, therapeutic & prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Jl. 1:52005. -Abstract: Moringa oleifera, or the Horseradish tree, is a pantropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan & sajna. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in main Stream scientific Journals describing its nutritional & medicinal properties. Its utility as a non-food product has also been extensively described, but will not be discuss…

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 3: Effect of seed extracts in the treatment of experimental pyodermia. Fitoter 62(5): 449–50, 1991.

Dahot MU et al. Proteolytic enzymes of Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy 6(1-2): 1-10, 1985.

Faizî S et al. Bioactive Compounds from the leaves & pods of Moringa oleifera. New Trends in Natural Products Chem, 175-83, 1998.

Hayford Abno Narh, Thesis; ANTI-BREAST CANCER PROPERTIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN GHANA, Univ of Ghana, 2015-Abstract: The study sought to screen Ghanaian traditional medicinal plants for their antiproliferative effect on MCF7 breast cancer cell line & determine the mechanism of induction of cytotoxicity. A total of 40 fractions comprising 14 fractions of ethyl acetate, 14 fractions of dichloromethane & 12 fractions of petroleum ether from 16 plant species were examined for their cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay. Aqueous & 50% hydroethanolic extract…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VI. Mechanism of antibacterial action of pterygospermin inhibition of transaminase by pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 115-23. 1954.

Johnson BC, Clinical perspectives on the health effects of Moringa oleifera: A promising adjunct for balanced nutrition & better health. KOS Health Publications, 1-5.2005.

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part IV. The effect of addition of vitamins & amino acids on the antibacterial activity of pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 101-7. 1954.

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Planls (Basel), 12(1):42. 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different…

Shukla S et al, Histoarchitecture of the genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 25: 249-61. 1989.

Villasenor IM et al, Mutagens from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Mutation Res, 224: 209–12, 1989.

Villasenor IM, Bioactives metabolites from Moringa oleifera Lam. KIMIKA 10: 47-52, 1994.

Tsaknis J et al. Quality changes of Moringa oleifera, variety Mbololo of Kenya, seed oil during frying. Grasas y Aceites. 50(1): 37-48, 1999.

Ruckmani K et al, Anti-ulcer activity of the alkali preparation of the root & fresh leaf juice of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 17(3): 220-3. 1998.

Shukla S et al, Antifertility profile of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 22: 51-62. 1998.

Shukla S et al. Biochemical alterations in the female genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pak Jl of Sci & Ind Res, 32(4): 273-7. 1989.

Faizî S et al, Isolation & structure elucidation of new nitrile & mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera & their effect on blood pressure. Jl of Nat Products 57: 1256–61, 1994.

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VIII. Some pharmacological properties and in vivo action of pterygospermin & related compounds. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 197-206, 1957.

Adenike AA, Antidiabetic & Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Dried Flowers of Moringa oleifera in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats, Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis, 33(4) :259-72, 2016-Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the antidiabetic & antioxidant effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 100, 200 & 300 mg/kg b.w. Thirty (30) male experimental albino rats were grouped randomly into six groups: groups A, B, & F are the control, diabetic control and reference drug groups, while…

Rocchetti Get al, Phenolic profiling & in vitro bioactivity of Moringa oleifera leaves as affected by different extraction solvents. Food Res. Int. 2020, 127, 108712-Abstract: n this work the (poly)-phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera leaves was comprehensively investigated through untargeted metabolomics, following a homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) using three solvent systems, i.e. methanol (HAE-1), methanol-water 50:50 v/v (HAE-2) & ethyl acetate (HAE-3). This approach allowed to putatively annotate 291 compounds, recording mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids. Thereafter, antioxid…

Setyani W et al, Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Moringa Oleifera: Extraction Yield, Content of Bioactive Compounds, & Biological Effects In Vitro. Plants,12, 2455, 2023-Abstract: This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the extraction yield, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), & DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity from Moringa oleifera. The four UAE factors, solvent ratio (A), solvent–solid ratio (B), extraction temperature (C), & extraction time (D), w…

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Animals, 12(1):42, 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concen…

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

Dahot MU et al, Nutritive significance of oil extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy of the University of Karachi 3(2): 75-80, 1985.

Faizî S et al, Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera. Planta Medica 64: 225–8, 1998.

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. Jl of Ethnopharm, 33: 213-6, 1991.

Das BR et al Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

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Table 1. The nutrient composition’ of leaves, leaf powder, seeds & pods. All values are in 100 g per plant material [12], [52], [60].

Jari NL, Thesis, 2005.-Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial & antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants used in the tribal areas of Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh). Among the thirty plants, only eight (ethanolic extract) were showed considerable antibacterial & antifungal activity. By the primary screening, crude extract of two plants viz., Moringa oleifera & Plumeria rubra were exhibited comparatively better activity against the bacteria & fungi tested herein. These two species were finally selected for further detailed study. Antibacterial activit…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part V. Effect of pterygospermin on the assimilation of Glutamic acid by Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. Indian J of Med Res, 42: 109-14. 1954.

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam Against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats, Jl of Immunotoxicology, 2007-Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the antiarthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimation of R…

KHOR KANG ZI, THE ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACTS & SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN LEUKEMIA KASUMI-1 CELLS UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA, THESIS, 2020-ABSTRACT: Moringa oleifera, also commonly known as ‘moringa’, is widely cultivated in tropical & subtropical regions across the globe. All parts of the moringa tree can be utilised & extensive studies have shown that various parts of the MO tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential MO leaf extracts & silver nanoparticles synthesised from MO leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells. Dr…

Setyani W et al, Flavonoid from Moringa oleifera leaves revisited: A review article on in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity, Jl Adv Pharm Technol Res, 14(4):283-8, 2023-Abstract:  Moringa oleifera leaf is a widely used and scientifically proven herbal medicine to treat DM. The demand for the development of new drugs has prompted in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the types of flavonoid & nonflavonoid compounds that have antidiabetic activity in ins…

Abarikwu SO et al, Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Oil Against HgCl2-induced Hepato- & Nephrotoxicity in Rats, J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 28(4) :337-45.2017-Abstract: Various parts of the Moringa oleifera tree are widely accepted to have ameliorative effects against metal toxicity. In the present study, M. oleifera oil (MO) was tested against HgCl2-induced tissue pathologies & oxidative stress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body wt) alone or in combination (5 mg/kg HgCl2+1.798 mg/kg MO p.o.) three times per week for 21 days. A…

Nayak G et al, Ethanolic extract of Moringa Oleifera Lam leaves protect the prepubertal spermatogonial cells from cyclophosphamide-induced damage, Jl of Ethnopharm, 182(22) :101–9, 2016.-Abstract: The leaves are highly nutritious and are known to possess various biological activities. Materials & methods Prepubertal Swiss albino male mice were injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg/kg body weight) or ethanolic extract of M oleifera leaves (MOE, 100 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. In combination group, MOE was administered 24 h prior to CP injection. Results: CP indu…

Faizî S et al. Novel hypotensive agents, Niaziminin A, niazimin B, niazicin A & niazicin B from Moringa oleifera: Isolation of first naturally occurring carbamates. Jl of the Chem Society Perkin Transactions I: 3035-40, 1994.

Ram J, Moringa a highly nutritious vegetable tree, Tropical Rural & Island/Atoll Development Experimental Station (TRIADES), Technical Bulletin No.2. 1994.

Ruckmani K et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian Jl of Pharmaceut Sciences, 60(1): 33-5. 1998.

Shukla S et al, Biochemical & physiological alterations in female reproductive organs of cyclic rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 19: 225-32. 1998.

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera-Lam against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(1):39-47. -Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimati…

Mahajan SG et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera seed extract on toluene diisocyanate-induced immune-mediated inflammatory responses in rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(2):85-96.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a small tree cultivated throughout India. We have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of M oleifera (MOEE, an herbal remedy) on the potential prevention of immune-mediated inflammatory responses in toluene diisocyanate (TDI as antigen)-induced asthma in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n = 8/group): Group-I = unsensitized control; Group-II = TD…

Abarikwu SO et al, Oral Administration of Moringa Oleifera Oil but Not Coconut Oil Prevents Mercury-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats, Andrologia, 49(1). 2017-Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the effects of administration of Coconut oil (CO) & Moringa oleifera oil (MO) on testicular oxidative stress, sperm quality & steroidogenesis parameters in rats treated with Mercury chloride (HgCl2). After 15 days of oral administration of CO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) & MO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) along with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of HgCl2 (5 mg kg-1 body weight) alone or in …

Shukla S et al, Anti-implantation efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam.& Moringa concanensis Nimmo in rats. Inter Jl of Crude Drug Res, 26(1): 29-32.1998.

Shundumungan M, Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the upregulation of NF-κB & IL-6/STAT3 pathway, Thesis: Kwazulu-Natal Univ, 2016.-ABSTRACT: This study investigated the antiproliferative & cytotoxic effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract (MOE) in the HepG2 cell line. Materials & Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with a range of MOE concentrations (0-4 000 μg/ml) over 72 h. An IC50 was obtained from the MTT assay & used in all subsequent assays. The cells were then assayed for oxidative stress & membrane…

Pal SK et al, antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 14(3): 197-9. 1995.

Pal SK et al, Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats. Phytother Res, 9: 463-5. 1995.

Brown A, Thesis: THE EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON THE ONCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS IN CERVICAL CANCER CELLS, Appalachian State Univ, 2015- Abstract: Many of the traditional treatment methods for cervical cancer – surgery, radiation therapy, & chemotherapy – are often not cancer-specific & are associated with adverse side effects. Our lab focuses on developing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as an oncolytic, or cancer-killing, agent due to the natural ability of this virus to target susceptible cancer cells. However, some cancer cells have demonstrated increased resista…

Villasenor IM et al, Structure of a Mutagen from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Carcinogenesis 10: 1085-7, 1989.

Tsaknis J et al, Characterization of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 47: 4495-9. 1999-Abstract: The oil from Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seeds from Kenya was extracted using three different procedures including cold press (CP), extraction with n-hexane (H), & extraction with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (50:50) (CM). The oil concentration ranged from 25.8% (CP) to 31.2% (CM). The density, refractive index, color, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, sterols, tocopherols (by HPLC),…

Nayak G et al, Sperm Abnormalities Induced by Prepubertal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Are Effectively Mitigated by Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract, Andrologia, 48(2) :125-36, 2016-Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is a medicinal plant with potential antioxidant property. This study was aimed at investigating the chemoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity. Two-week-old male Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate-buffered saline, 50 mg kg (-1) of CP &25 mg kg (-1) of MOE. In combination treatment, mic…

Fahey JW: Moringa Oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its Nutritional, therapeutic & prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Jl. 1:52005. -Abstract: Moringa oleifera, or the Horseradish tree, is a pantropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan & sajna. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in main Stream scientific Journals describing its nutritional & medicinal properties. Its utility as a non-food product has also been extensively described, but will not be discuss…

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 3: Effect of seed extracts in the treatment of experimental pyodermia. Fitoter 62(5): 449–50, 1991.

Dahot MU et al. Proteolytic enzymes of Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy 6(1-2): 1-10, 1985.

Faizî S et al. Bioactive Compounds from the leaves & pods of Moringa oleifera. New Trends in Natural Products Chem, 175-83, 1998.

Hayford Abno Narh, Thesis; ANTI-BREAST CANCER PROPERTIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN GHANA, Univ of Ghana, 2015-Abstract: The study sought to screen Ghanaian traditional medicinal plants for their antiproliferative effect on MCF7 breast cancer cell line & determine the mechanism of induction of cytotoxicity. A total of 40 fractions comprising 14 fractions of ethyl acetate, 14 fractions of dichloromethane & 12 fractions of petroleum ether from 16 plant species were examined for their cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay. Aqueous & 50% hydroethanolic extract…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VI. Mechanism of antibacterial action of pterygospermin inhibition of transaminase by pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 115-23. 1954.

Johnson BC, Clinical perspectives on the health effects of Moringa oleifera: A promising adjunct for balanced nutrition & better health. KOS Health Publications, 1-5.2005.

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part IV. The effect of addition of vitamins & amino acids on the antibacterial activity of pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 101-7. 1954.

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Planls (Basel), 12(1):42. 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different…

Shukla S et al, Histoarchitecture of the genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 25: 249-61. 1989.

Villasenor IM et al, Mutagens from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Mutation Res, 224: 209–12, 1989.

Villasenor IM, Bioactives metabolites from Moringa oleifera Lam. KIMIKA 10: 47-52, 1994.

Tsaknis J et al. Quality changes of Moringa oleifera, variety Mbololo of Kenya, seed oil during frying. Grasas y Aceites. 50(1): 37-48, 1999.

Ruckmani K et al, Anti-ulcer activity of the alkali preparation of the root & fresh leaf juice of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 17(3): 220-3. 1998.

Shukla S et al, Antifertility profile of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 22: 51-62. 1998.

Shukla S et al. Biochemical alterations in the female genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pak Jl of Sci & Ind Res, 32(4): 273-7. 1989.

Faizî S et al, Isolation & structure elucidation of new nitrile & mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera & their effect on blood pressure. Jl of Nat Products 57: 1256–61, 1994.

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VIII. Some pharmacological properties and in vivo action of pterygospermin & related compounds. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 197-206, 1957.

Adenike AA, Antidiabetic & Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Dried Flowers of Moringa oleifera in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats, Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis, 33(4) :259-72, 2016-Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the antidiabetic & antioxidant effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 100, 200 & 300 mg/kg b.w. Thirty (30) male experimental albino rats were grouped randomly into six groups: groups A, B, & F are the control, diabetic control and reference drug groups, while…

Rocchetti Get al, Phenolic profiling & in vitro bioactivity of Moringa oleifera leaves as affected by different extraction solvents. Food Res. Int. 2020, 127, 108712-Abstract: n this work the (poly)-phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera leaves was comprehensively investigated through untargeted metabolomics, following a homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) using three solvent systems, i.e. methanol (HAE-1), methanol-water 50:50 v/v (HAE-2) & ethyl acetate (HAE-3). This approach allowed to putatively annotate 291 compounds, recording mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids. Thereafter, antioxid…

Setyani W et al, Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Moringa Oleifera: Extraction Yield, Content of Bioactive Compounds, & Biological Effects In Vitro. Plants,12, 2455, 2023-Abstract: This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the extraction yield, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), & DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity from Moringa oleifera. The four UAE factors, solvent ratio (A), solvent–solid ratio (B), extraction temperature (C), & extraction time (D), w…

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Animals, 12(1):42, 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concen…

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

Dahot MU et al, Nutritive significance of oil extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy of the University of Karachi 3(2): 75-80, 1985.

Faizî S et al, Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera. Planta Medica 64: 225–8, 1998.

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. Jl of Ethnopharm, 33: 213-6, 1991.

Das BR et al Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

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Table 1. The nutrient composition’ of leaves, leaf powder, seeds & pods. All values are in 100 g per plant material [12], [52], [60].

Jari NL, Thesis, 2005.-Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial & antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants used in the tribal areas of Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh). Among the thirty plants, only eight (ethanolic extract) were showed considerable antibacterial & antifungal activity. By the primary screening, crude extract of two plants viz., Moringa oleifera & Plumeria rubra were exhibited comparatively better activity against the bacteria & fungi tested herein. These two species were finally selected for further detailed study. Antibacterial activit…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part V. Effect of pterygospermin on the assimilation of Glutamic acid by Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. Indian J of Med Res, 42: 109-14. 1954.

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam Against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats, Jl of Immunotoxicology, 2007-Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the antiarthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimation of R…

KHOR KANG ZI, THE ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACTS & SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN LEUKEMIA KASUMI-1 CELLS UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA, THESIS, 2020-ABSTRACT: Moringa oleifera, also commonly known as ‘moringa’, is widely cultivated in tropical & subtropical regions across the globe. All parts of the moringa tree can be utilised & extensive studies have shown that various parts of the MO tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential MO leaf extracts & silver nanoparticles synthesised from MO leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells. Dr…

Setyani W et al, Flavonoid from Moringa oleifera leaves revisited: A review article on in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity, Jl Adv Pharm Technol Res, 14(4):283-8, 2023-Abstract:  Moringa oleifera leaf is a widely used and scientifically proven herbal medicine to treat DM. The demand for the development of new drugs has prompted in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the types of flavonoid & nonflavonoid compounds that have antidiabetic activity in ins…

Abarikwu SO et al, Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Oil Against HgCl2-induced Hepato- & Nephrotoxicity in Rats, J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 28(4) :337-45.2017-Abstract: Various parts of the Moringa oleifera tree are widely accepted to have ameliorative effects against metal toxicity. In the present study, M. oleifera oil (MO) was tested against HgCl2-induced tissue pathologies & oxidative stress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body wt) alone or in combination (5 mg/kg HgCl2+1.798 mg/kg MO p.o.) three times per week for 21 days. A…

Adeyi AO et al, Antivenom activity of Moringa oleifera leave against pathophysiological alterations, somatic mutation & biological activities of Naja nigricollis venom, Sci Afri, 8: e00356, 2020-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a plant that has several medicinal properties, however, there are dearth of information on the antivenom activities scientifically. This study therefore focused on the neutralizing activities of ethanol leaves extract of MO against Naja nigricollis venom. For the in vivo study, forty male Albino Wistar rats weighing between 180 to 195 g were randomly divided into eight …

Ambi AA et al, TOXICITY EVALUATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES, Inter Jl of Pharmaceut Res & Innovation, 4: 22-24, 2011.-Abstract: A total of 24 adult albino (Wistar strains) rat, Rattus norvegicus, were grouped into (four I, II III & IV each containing six rats). Group I was fed with 25%, group II was fed with 50% & group III was fed with 75% amended diet containing the powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera mixed with standard Livestock feed (Grower mash) for 93 days. Group IV served as the control & was fed with the standard diet alone. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrifi…

Pankaja N et al, Availability of calcium from kilkeerai (Amaranthus tricolor) & drumstick (Moringa oleifera) greens in weanling rats. Nahrung 38: 199-203. 1994.

Shukla S et al, Histoarchitecture of the genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 25: 249-61. 1989.

Lim W et al, Significant Decreased Expressions of CaN, VEGF, SLC39A6 & SFRP1 in MDA-MB-231 Xenograft Breast Tumor Mice Treated with Moringa oleifera Leaves & Seed Residue (MOLSr) Extract, Nutrients, 12:10, 2020-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a miracle plant with many nutritional & medicinal properties. Chemopreventive values of the combined mixture of moringa leaves & seed residue (MOLSr) at different ratios (M1S9, M1S1 & M9S1) were investigated. MOLSr extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, metabolite profiling & cytotoxic activity on the primary mammary epit…

MASOUMVAD M et al, Promising Influences of Moringa oleifera in Functional Foods against Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive & Mechanistic Review, Endocrin Metab Immune Dis Targets, 24(12) :1355-70, 2024-Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now considered a global issue with a growing financial & health impact. Numerous herbal alternatives have been examined & researched due to the ever-increasing demand for new medications to treat metabolic syndrome disorders. People have empirically employed Moringa oleifera (MO), a native plant to several Asian nations, for a variety of diseases. We so…

Madi N et al, Moringa oleifera 's Nutritious Aqueous Leaf Extract Has Anticancerous Effects by Compromising Mitochondrial Viability in an ROS-Dependent Manner, Jl of the Am College of Nutrition, 35(7):1-10, 2016-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (MO) is an important dietary component for many populations in West Africa & the Indian subcontinent. In addition to its highly nutritious value, almost all parts of this plant have been widely used in folk medicine in curing infectious, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic & other diseases. Evidence-based research supported its versatile medicinal pr…

Rao KNV et al, Antiinflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 18(3-4): 195-198. 1999.

Olsen A, Low technology water purification by bentonite clay & Moringa oleifera seed flocculation as performed in Sudanese villages. Effects on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Water Res, 1987, 21(5): 517-22.

Villasenor IM et al, Mutagens from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Mutation Res, 224: 209–12, 1989.

Zhang X. et al, Effects of dietary fish meal replacement by fermented moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves on growth performance, nonspecific immunity & disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III) Fish Shellfish. Immunol. 2020; 102:430–9-Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by fermented moringa leaves (FMLs) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status, nonspecific immunity, & resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius au…

Maizuwo AI et al, Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, therapeutic potentials & nutritional values of Moringa oleifera (Zogale): A review. Jl Drug Des Med Chem 2017; 3 (4): 60-66. Doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20170304.12-

Nishi L et al, Moringa oleifera extract promotes apoptosis-like death in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro, Parasitol, 148(12):1447-57, 2021-Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, & an important problem of public health. The current treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combination of pyrimethamine & sulphadiazine, which do not act in the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis & have several side-effects. This study evaluated the anti-T. gondii activity and potential mechanism of Moringa oleifera seeds’ aqueous extract in vitro. The concentration of MO extract in HeL…

Rao PP et al, Pharmacognostic study on stembark of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Sigru). B.M.E.B.R. 17(3-4): 141-51, 1996.

Reddy NS et al, Contents of minerals in green leafy vegetables cultivated in soil fortified with – different chemical fertilizers. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 56: 1-6. 2001-

Souhaib M et al, Comparative study among Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, & Moringa oleifera based ethanolic-extracts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, & cytotoxic activities, Saudi Jl of Biol Sci, 29(11):111-22, 2022-Abstract: Microbial resistance & other emerging health risk problems related to the side effects of synthetic drugs are the major factors that result in the research regarding natural products. Fruits, leaves, seeds, & oils-based phyto-constituents are the most important source of pharmaceutical products. Plant extract chemistry depends largely on species, plant com…

Tiloke C et al, The antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract on cancerous human alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13(1):1.

TAHER MA et al, Phytochemical profiling & bioactivity validation of Moringa oleifera leaves: Antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, analgesic, & in silico insights, PLoS-One, 20(9): e0332048. 2025-Abstract: The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance & the need for new medicines have renewed interest in medicinal plants like Moringa oleifera Lam., a fast-growing tree from the Moringaceae family that can survive in dry conditions. It is easily recognized by its compound leaves & long seed pods. Traditionally, it has been widely used in Ayurvedic medicine & as a nutrient-rich food source, with i…

Villasenor IM, Bioactives metabolites from Moringa oleifera Lam. KIMIKA 10: 47-52, 1994.

Tian Y et al, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity & antihyperuricemic effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf hydrolysate rich in phenolics & peptide, Jl Ethnopharmacol, 270:113808, 2021-Abstrac: Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf (MOL), a rich source of protein & phenolics, was traditionally used to treat various diseases including headaches, fevers, sore throat & dyslipidemia. Recently, MOL was reported to possess antioxidant, anti-dyslipidemia & hepato-renal protective activities, indicating that MOL could become a potential agent to improve metabolic disorders associated with hyperuricemia. The a…

Tsaknis J et al. Quality changes of Moringa oleifera, variety Mbololo of Kenya, seed oil during frying. Grasas y Aceites. 50(1): 37-48, 1999.

Zakaria B et al, Evaluation of anti-ageing properties of Moringa oleifera Lam., Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Clitoria ternatea L. & Cosmos caudatus Kunth. for potential application as cosmeceuticals, Newcastle Univ, 2019-Abstract: This project aims to add agricultural & commercial value to the selected medicinal plants; Moringa oleifera Lam., Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Clitoria ternatea L. & Cosmos caudatus Kunth. which were investigated for their anti-ageing properties (antioxidant, anticollagenase, anti-elastase & anti-tyrosinase activities) & their protective effects against oxidativ…

Arozal W et al, Effects of Moringa oleifera in Two Independents Formulation & as Neuroprotective Agent Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice, Front Nutr, 9:799127, 2022-Abstract: Several studies have shown that every single part of Moringa oleifera, including leaves, roots, & seeds, has abundant micronutrients, such as flavonoids, which improve the neurobehavioral capacity. Objective: We investigate whether MO seed oil (MOO) or aqueous MO leaves extracts (MOEs) may ameliorate memory impairment in mice induced with scopolamine (Sco). Additionally, the phytochemical analyses o…

Udupa SL et al, Studies on the anti-inflammatory & wound healing properties of Moringa oleifera & Aegle marmelos. Fitoterapia 65(2): 119-23, 1994.

Waterman C et al. Stable, water extractable isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera leaves attenuate inflammation in vitro. Phytochem. 2014; 103:14–22-Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is an edible plant used as both a food & medicine throughout the tropics. A moringa concentrate (MC), made by extracting fresh leaves with water, utilized naturally occurring myrosinase to convert four moringa glucosinolates into moringa isothiocyanates. Optimum conditions maximizing MC yield, 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate, & 4-[(4'-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate conten…

Syahputra et al, Extraction & Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract & Simplicia of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) From Sidikalang, North Sumatera, Home Archives, 2021-Abstract: Moringa leaf is a plant that has many uses that comes from the family Moringaceae & it is a tropical plant that is familiar to Indonesian people. Pharmacologically, this plant extract is reported to have antimicrobial & fungicide & it is rich in antioxidants. This metabolite compound contained in MO leaves has the potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, functional & others. This study aims to determine…

Wen Y et al, Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract protects kidney function in rats with diabetic nephropathy by increasing GSK-3β activity & activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phytomed, 2022, 95, 153856-Abstract: Moringa oleifera seeds are widely used in traditional folk medicine and as nutritional supplements in the Middle East, Africa, & other regions. Published research showed that M. oleifera seeds (MOS) have pharmacological activities such as blood glucose-lowering, anti-inflammatory, & antitumor effects. However, experimental evidence on the use of MOS to treat diabetic nephropathy & its…

Mehta Anita et al. Investigation into the mechanism of action of Moringa Oleifera for its Antiasthmatic activity. Oriental Pharm & Experiment Med 8 (1) :24-31, 2018.-ABSTRACT: We have studied the possible mechanism of the antiasthmatic action of Moringa oleifera seed kernel ethanolic extract (EXMO, 400 mg/kg). EXMO produced an increase in the Preconvulsion Dyspnea time induced by histamine and acetylcholine aerosol, a significant reduction in the elevated eosinophil & monocyte counts in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid of sensitized guinea pigs, reduction in the paw edema volume as compared…

Nambiar et al. Bioavailability trials of beta-carotene from fresh & dehydrated leaves of Moringa oleifera in a rat model. Plant Foods & Human Nutrition, 56(1): 83-95.2001.

Makkar HPS et al, Plant toxins & detoxification methods to improve feed quality of tropical seeds. Asian Australasian Jl of Animal Sci, 12(3): 467-80, 1999.

Morton JF, The horseradish tree, Moringa pterygosperma (Moringaceae) – A boon to arid lands? Economic Botany 45: 318-33. 1991.

Pari L et al, Hepatoprotective activity of Moringa oleifera on antitubercular drug-induced liver damage in rats. J of Medical Foods 5(3): 171-7. 2002.

Nath D et al, commonly used Indian abortifacient plants with special reference to their teratologic effects in rats. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 36: 147-54. 1992.

Lipipun V et al, Efficacy of Thai medicinal plant extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro & in vivo. Antiviral Res, 60: 175-80. 2003.

Abdel-Latif HMR et al, Benefits & applications of Moringa oleifera as a plant protein source in aquafeed: a review. Aquacult. 2022; 547:737369. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737369.

Mehta LK et al, Effect of fruits of Moringa oleifera on the lipid profile of normal & Hypocholesterolaemic rabbits. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 86: 191-5.200.3

Ruckmani K et al, Anti-ulcer activity of the alkali preparation of the root & fresh leaf juice of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 17(3): 220-3. 1998.

Shukla S et al, Antifertility profile of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 22: 51-62. 1998.

Shukla S et al. Biochemical alterations in the female genital tract of ovariectomized rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pak Jl of Sci & Ind Res, 32(4): 273-7. 1989.

Boudjema k et al, Antioxidant Effects of Moringa oleifera Against Abamectin-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Brain &d Erythrocytes of Rats, Chem Biodivers, 22(5): e202402709-Abstract: The current study was conducted to explore the phytochemical composition & in vitro antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract (MOLE), as well as its in vivo modulatory effects on abamectin (ABM)-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes & brain tissue. Following extraction, the total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin & ortho-biphenolic contents of MOLE were determined. High-performa…

Faizî S et al, Isolation & structure elucidation of new nitrile & mustard oil glycosides from Moringa oleifera & their effect on blood pressure. Jl of Nat Products 57: 1256–61, 1994.

Elarabany N et al, evaluating anti-obesity potential, active components & antioxidant mechanisms of Moringa peregrina seeds extract on high-fat diet-induced obesity, Biochem, 46(10): e14265. 2022-Abstract: There are no medical drugs that provide an acceptable weight loss with minimal adverse effects. This study evaluated the Moringa peregrina (MP) seed extract's anti-obesity effect. Twenty-four (6/each group) male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into group Ι (control), group ΙΙ (high-fat diet [HFD]), group ΙΙΙ (HFD+ MP [250 mg/kg b. wt]), & group ΙV (HFD+ MP [500 mg/kg b. wt]). MP administ…

Dilawar S et al, Healing Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam against UV-B Induced Psoriasis Form Changes in Rats, Biochem & Pharmacol (Los Angel), an Open Access Journal ISSN: 2167-0501, 2011-Abstract: Moringa oleifera extracts have been used in herbal medicines by various communities in different parts of the world. It is a multipurpose tree with a magnificent profile of medicinal uses, high nutritional values and pharmacological activities. Various parts of this plant such as the flower, seed, immature pod, stem bark, leaf & root, possesses anti-oxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, …

Obediah GA et al, Effects of Ethanolic Extract of M. Oleifera Seeds & Leaves on the Reproductive System of Female Albino Rats. SOJ Biochem 4(1):1-8. 2018.-Abstract: This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of M. oleifera seeds & leaves on the reproductive system of female albino rats. Eighty-four (84) albino rats comparing of 56 females & 28 males, which acclimatized for two weeks & mated in ratio of 2 females to 1 male, the pregnant female rats were then divided into 7 Groups of 8; Group 1- Control (10 ml/kg body weight/day of vehicle [Tween 80] orally). Groups 2-4 (Seed ex…

Budda S et al: Suppressive effects of Moringa oleifera Lam Pod against mouse colon Carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane & dextran sodium sulfate. Asian Pac Jl Cancer Prev. 12 :3221–8. 2011.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam (Horseradish tree; tender pod or fruits) is a major ingredient in Thai cuisine & has some medicinal properties. Previous studies have shown potentially antioxidant, antitumor promoter, anticlastogen & anticarcinogen activities both in vitro & in vivo. The present study was conducted to investigate chemopreventive effects on azoxymethane (AOM)-initiated & dextran sodium su…

D’Souza J et al, Comparative studies on nutritive values of tender foliage of seedlings & mature plants of Moringa oleifera Lam. J lof Economic & Taxonomic Botany 17(2): 479-485,1993.

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Naturwissenschaften 41: 66, 1954.

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VIII. Some pharmacological properties and in vivo action of pterygospermin & related compounds. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 197-206, 1957.

Irshad S et al, Moringa dried leaf extract as bio-foliar fertilizer for revitalizing performance & nutritional status of soybean, Sci Rep, 15(1):20431. 2025-Abstract Naturally occurring plant based biostimulants can be used to improve crop productivity and quality as an eco-friendly approach. Moringa oleifera, known as the miracle tree, is a rich source of essential nutrients & beneficial compounds that can act as a potent growth enhancer. Its leaves are nutrient dense that contain rich blends of essential vitamins (A, C, K, & E), riboflavin, iron (Fe) & diverse range of phenolics. The curr…

Manjula B et al. Anti-Obesity Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Experimental Animals. Res Jl. Pharmacol & Pharmacodynamics. 2011, 3(6): 318-28-Abstract: Present study was performed to clarify whether an M. oleifera Seeds ethanol extract prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice fed for nine weeks. Methods: We have performed two in vivo experiments such as high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model & lipid emulsion tolerance test in normal rats. In high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model, female Swiss mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 40% fat) with or without 1 …

Muhammad S et al. Exploring the new potential antiviral constituents of Moringa oleifera for SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis: an in silico molecular docking & dynamic studies. Chem Phys Lett. 2021;767:138379. Epub 2021/02/02-Abstract:

Guevara AP et al, An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam. Mutation Res, 440: 181-8. 1999.

HARDJO M et al, Antioxidant & Anti-Obesity Potentials of Moringa oleifera Roots in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats, Trop Jl of Nat Prod Res, 9:5, 2025-Abstract: The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Obesity is associated with serious health complications, including diabetes, heart disease, & stroke. Moringa oleifera root (MOR) contains bioactive compounds & antioxidants that may aid in weight reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant & anti-obesity potentials of MOR in obese rats. Preliminary phytochemical screening including total phenolic content of MOR ext…

Kumar NA et al, Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera Lam (drumstick) against Antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Jl of Med Food 6(3): 255-9. 2003.

GOVENDER K et al, CYTOTOXIC & ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. ON HELA CELLS THESIS, UNIV KWAZULU-NATAL, S LAB MED & SCI, 2021-Abstract: The antitumour, antibacterial & antifungal effects of M. oleifera are well-documented, however, its specific effects on human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced malignancy have not been established. High-risk HPV subtypes 16 & 18 are implicated in the carcinogenesis of more than 90% of cervical cancers. Despite well-established national cervical screening programmes, cervical cancer still remains the most common cancer affecting females in Sou…

IDRISS AS, Effects of some Natural products on the level of Thyroid related Hormones in rats, Thesis Sudan Academy, 2011-Abstract: The plants under investigation were successively extracted at room temperature with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate & ethanol using shaker apparatus. Fifty-seven adult Swiss Wistar rats of 3-4 months of age, weighing 70-150g were used in this research study. Animals were divided into groups has received dose of the extract, equivalent to 2 0 0 mg/ kg /day for 1 0 days. In the pilot studies, 30 Rats were divided into nine groups to estimate the effect of the extra…

Panova N et al, Metabolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Contractile, & Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves (India), Plants (Basel), 15(4):583. 2025-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is one of the most famous plants used for medicinal purposes. Its leaf extracts have antimicrobial activity & antioxidant activities, & reduce swelling in ulcers. Objectives: The present article aimed to determine the metabolic profile of MO leaf extracts from two samples originating from India and to evaluate in vitro and ex vivo their biological activities. Methods: The antioxidant propertie…

Pratama KAK et al, FORMULASI KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa Oleifera Lam) SEBAGAI PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus Norvegicus), Jl Farm Kr, 2(2):85-96, 2023-Abstract: Luka bakar adalah cedera pada kulit atau jaringan organik lainnya terutama disebabkan oleh panas atau radiasi, radioaktif, listrik, gesekan atau kontak dengan bahan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah sediaan krim tipe M/A dengan kandungan zat aktif dari daun kelor memiliki efektivitas dalam penyembuhan luka bakar pada tikus. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 16 ekor tikus jantan dan…

Hermawan et al, Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Increased Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin on HeLa Cancer Cells, Jl of Nar Remedies, 12(2) :108-14, 2012-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a strong chemopreventive agent in several cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of M oleifera (EMO) alone & in combination with doxorubicin in HeLa cancer cells. Cell viability assay of EMO, doxorubicin & combination treatments were carried out by using MTT assay. Apoptosis assay was done by double staining method using Ethidium Bromide-Acridine Orange. E…

Dahot MU et al, Properties of Moringa oleifera seed lipase. Pak J lof Scientific & Industrial Res, 30(11): 832-5, 1987.

Dayrit FM et al, Studies on Moringa oleifera seeds, Part I: The antibiotic compound & its deactivation in aqueous solution. Philippine Jl of Science. 119: 23-32, 1990.

Nayak G et al, Ethanolic extract of Moringa Oleifera Lam leaves protect the prepubertal spermatogonial cells from cyclophosphamide-induced damage, Jl of Ethnopharm, 182(22) :101–9, 2016.-Abstract: The leaves are highly nutritious and are known to possess various biological activities. Materials & methods Prepubertal Swiss albino male mice were injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg/kg body weight) or ethanolic extract of M oleifera leaves (MOE, 100 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. In combination group, MOE was administered 24 h prior to CP injection. Results: CP indu…

Chauhan S et al, A Review on Clinical & Experimental Studies on Ayurveda & Leukemia. Med Jl of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 2022, 15 (2), 158-74-Abstract: Blood cancers such as leukemia are a public health crisis globally. 2018 cancer statistics reveal 437,033 new cases with leukemia accounting for 2.6% of all cancers, worldwide. Conventional medical science manages the disease quite effectively by targeting the signaling pathways causing leukemogenesis, but with serious side effects as it also damages healthy cells. In this context, a systematic review was carried out to understand the role o…

Limaye DA et al, Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Moringa pterygosperma. Phytother Res, 9: 37-40. 1995.

Memon GM et al, Isolation & spectroscopic studies of mono-palmitic, di-oleic triglyceride from seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Pak Jl of Sci & Industrial Res 30(5): 393-5. 1987.

Faizî S et al. Novel hypotensive agents, Niaziminin A, niazimin B, niazicin A & niazicin B from Moringa oleifera: Isolation of first naturally occurring carbamates. Jl of the Chem Society Perkin Transactions I: 3035-40, 1994.

Padayachee B et al, An updated comprehensive review of the medicinal, phytochemical & pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. South Afr Jl of Botany. 2019; 24:1–13.

MAHAJAN SG et al, Immunosuppressive activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam in experimental immune inflammation, Jl of Ethnopharm, 130(1) :183-6, 2010.-Abstract: Traditionally, the plant Moringa oleifera is used for the treatment of ascites & rheumatism, while the dried seeds of the plant are used as an ‘antiallergic’ agent. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of ethanolic extract of seeds from M oleifera in experimental immune inflammation. Materials & methods: Circulatory & splenic leukocyte counts, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactio…

Makkar HPS et al, Nutrients & antiequality factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera tree. Jl of Agric Sci, 128(3): 311-22, 1997.

Ram J, Moringa a highly nutritious vegetable tree, Tropical Rural & Island/Atoll Development Experimental Station (TRIADES), Technical Bulletin No.2. 1994.

Nobosse P et al, effects of age & extraction solvent on phytochemical content & antioxidant activity of fresh Moringa oleifera L. leaves. Food Sci Nutr, 2018;6:2188-98.

Memon GM et al, Isolation & structure elucidation of moringyne: A new glycoside from seeds of Moringa oleifera. Pak J of Sci & Industrial Res, 28(1): 7-9. 1985.

Omara T et al, Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Management of Cancer in Uganda: A Review of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Phytochemistry & Anticancer Studies, Evidence Based Comp & Alter Med, Art ID 3529081, 2020-Abstract: The burden of neoplastic diseases is a significant global health challenge accounting for thousands of deaths. In Uganda, about 32,617 cancer cases were reported in 2018, accompanied by 21,829 deaths. In a view to identify some potential anticancer plant candidates for possible drug development, the current study was designed to compile the inventory of plants with reported…

Nautiyal BP et al, Moringa (Drumstick) – An ideal tree for social forestry: Growing conditions & uses – Part I. MYFOREST, 23(1): 53-8. 1987.

Muhammed RE et al, the protecting role of Moringa oleifera in cypermethrin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction & apoptotic events in rat’s brain. Jl King Saud Univ Sci. 2020;32(6):2717–39.

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera-Lam against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(1):39-47. -Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimati…

Ramachandran C et al, Drumstick (Moringa oleifera): A multipurpose Indian Vegetable. Economic Botany, 1980, 34(3): 276-283.

Parvathy M et al: Cytotoxic effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma cell lines. Trends Med Res. 2:44–50. 2007-Abstract: In the present study different organic solvent extracts of dried leaves of country variety of MO were evaluated for their cytotoxic potentiality on human Multiple myeloma cell lines. Different extracts of aqueous methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate & chloroform from MO & Vinca rosea leaves were analysed for their cytotoxic effect by performing neutral red dye uptake assay to check for the viability of myeloma cells after treatment. Moringa leaf extr…

-Patriota L et al, Antitumor activity of Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice, Inter Jl of British Ind Biol Res, Assoc, 145:111691, 2020-Abstract: The plant Moringa oleifera is used as food and medicine. M. oleifera flowers are source of protein, fiber, & antioxidants, & are used to treat inflammation & tumors. This work evaluated the antitumor activity of the M. oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Swiss female mice were inoculated with sarcoma 180 cells. Seven days later, the animals were treated i…

Mahajan SG et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera seed extract on toluene diisocyanate-induced immune-mediated inflammatory responses in rats. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(2):85-96.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a small tree cultivated throughout India. We have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of M oleifera (MOEE, an herbal remedy) on the potential prevention of immune-mediated inflammatory responses in toluene diisocyanate (TDI as antigen)-induced asthma in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n = 8/group): Group-I = unsensitized control; Group-II = TD…

Abarikwu SO et al, Oral Administration of Moringa Oleifera Oil but Not Coconut Oil Prevents Mercury-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats, Andrologia, 49(1). 2017-Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the effects of administration of Coconut oil (CO) & Moringa oleifera oil (MO) on testicular oxidative stress, sperm quality & steroidogenesis parameters in rats treated with Mercury chloride (HgCl2). After 15 days of oral administration of CO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) & MO (2 ml kg-1 body weight) along with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of HgCl2 (5 mg kg-1 body weight) alone or in …

Mardatillah M et al, Moringa oleifera leaf extract restored the diameter & epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rat (Rattus norvegicus) injected with gentamicin, Jl of Anim Reprod, 2022-Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) on the diameter & epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubules of rats induced with gentamicin. This study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 8-12 weeks with 150-200 grams body weight. Negative control group (C-) was injected with aquadest & given 0.5% Na-CMC orally, positive control group (…

Lockett CT et al, Energy & micronutrient composition of dietary & medicinal wild plants consumed during drought. Study of rural Fulani, Northeastern Nigeria. Inter Jl of Food Sci & Nut. 51(3): 195-208. 2000.

Muluvi GM et al, Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genetic variation in Moringa oleifera Lam. Molecular Ecology, 8: 463-70. 1999.

Masfria et al, Effect of ethanolic extract & n-hexane fraction of Moringa oleifera L. against cell cycle & apoptosis MCF-7 cell lines, Jl of Innovation in Pharmaceut & Biol Sci, 6(1):25-30, 2019.-Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic extract (EE) & n-Hexane fraction (NHF) of Moringa oleifera L. leaf on cytotoxic effect, cell cycle & apoptosis on MCF-7 cell lines. Methods: In vitro Cytotoxic assays was determined by MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Technique) assay, cell cycle inhibition & apoptosis were determined with flow cytometry. Results: Cytotoxic activi…

Mahajan SG et al, Anti-Arthritic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Flowers of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Wistar Rats, Jl of Herbs, Spices & Med Plants, 15(2), 2009--Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), commonly known as Moringa, drumstick, and horseradish, is a small, fast-growing ornamental tree that originates from India. In the present study, the anti-arthritic activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa flowers (MOFE, an herbal remedy) was investigated in adjuvant induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Decreases in body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion), inflammation …

Abd-El-Hack ME et al, Pharmacological, nutritional & antimicrobial uses of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves in poultry nutrition: an updated knowledge, Poult Sci, 101(9):102031.2022-Abstract: Recently, developing countries have focused on using innovative feed in poultry nutrition. The plant Moringa oleifera is native to India but grows worldwide in tropical & subtropical climates. Moringa is planted on a large scale as it can tolerate severe dry & cold conditions. All parts of this plant can be used for commercial or nutritional purposes, and it has a favorable nutritional profile. Beneficial …

Reda RM et al, the potential effect of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaf extract against oxidative stress, immune response disruption induced by abamectin exposure in Oreochromis niloticus Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 30(20) -Abstract: Abamectin (ABM), a naturally fermented product of Streptomyces avermitilis, is applied to pest control in livestock & agriculture fields. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOE) on biochemical changes including oxidative stress indices, immune response marker, lipid profiles as well as m…

Sreeja M. et al, Moringa oleifera: a review on nutritive importance & its potential use as nutraceutical plant. Jl of Med Plants Studies. 2021;9(2):15–17.

Abd-El Hakim Y et al, Prevention of melamine-induced hepatorenal impairment by an ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera: Changes in KIM-1, TIMP-1, oxidative stress, apoptosis, & inflammation-related genes, Gene, 2021-Abstract: Melamine (ML) is a common food adulterant & contaminant. Moringa oleifera is a well-known medicinal plant with many beneficial biological properties. This study investigated the possible prophylactic & therapeutic activity of an ethanolic extract of M. oleifera (MEE) against ML-induced hepatorenal damage. Method: Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered…

Mahmood KT et al: Moringa Oleifera: A natural gift-A review. Jl Pharm Sci Res. 2 :775–81. 2010.

Moremane MM et al, Moringa oleifera: A Review on the Antiproliferative Potential in Breast Cancer Cells, Curr Issues Mol Biol, 45(8):6880-6902, 2023-Abstract: The global burden of female breast cancer & associated deaths has become a major concern. Many chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, have been shown to have adverse side effects. The development of multi-drug resistance is a common occurrence, contributing to chemotherapeutic failure. The resistance of breast cancer cells to drug treatment leads to a decline in the treatment efficacy & an increase in cancer recurrence. Therefo…

Mazumder UK et al. Evaluation of haematological & hepatorenal functions of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. root treated mice. Indian Jl of Experiment Biol. 37(6): 612-4. 1999.

Nwosu MO et al, Preliminary studies of the antifungal activities of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus & some other pathogenic fungi. Mycoses 38: 191-5. 1995.

Mundkar M et al, Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review. Jl. Food Biochem. 2022, 46, e14451-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a traditional Indian herb belonging to the Moringaceae family, it is commonly known as the horse-radish tree, drumstick, or Sahana. In developing countries, Moringa is used as feed for both humans and animals due to its well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties owing to its several phytoconstituents including β-carotene, quercetin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic…

Shukla S et al, Anti-implantation efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam.& Moringa concanensis Nimmo in rats. Inter Jl of Crude Drug Res, 26(1): 29-32.1998.

Sen Gupta KP et al, Bacteriological & pharmacological studies of a Vibriocidal drug derived from an indigenous source. The Antiseptic 53(4): 287-92. 1956.

Murakami A et al: Niaziminin, a thiocarbamate from the leaves of Moringa Oleifera, holds a strict structural requirement for inhibition of tumor-promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Planta Med. 64 :319–23. 1998.

Mossa JS, A study on the crude antidiabetic drugs used in Arabian folk medicine. Inter Journal of Crude Drug Res, 23(3): 137-45. 1985.

Mehganathan P et al, Review on Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Moringa Oleifera A Review on Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Moringa oleifera Leaves: Their Principle, Advantages, & Disadvantages. Austin Chem. Eng. 9, 1090. 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera, belongs to the Moringaceae family, is an indigenous plant and native to the North India region. It has been used for centuries as traditional medicine & nutritional supplement. MO  leaves contain high phenolics & flavonoid compounds as major constituents such as kaempferol, quercetin, caffeoylquinic acid, coumaroylquinic acid,…

Azzahra F et al, Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) : Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak dan Formulasi Sediaan Lotion, Majalah Farmasetika, 8(2):133-47, 2023-Abstract: Salah cara untuk minimaliser dampak tersebut yaitu penggunaan tabir Surya. Tabir Surya dengan bahan filter sintetik memiliki efek samping, maka dari itu diperlukan alternatif bahan lain sebagai tabir surya. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) mengandung flavonoid seperti kuersetin, memiliki aktivitas Antioksidan kuat yang mampu menetralkan radikal bebas, sehingga berpotensi sebagai tabir surya. Formulasi ekstrak etanol daun kelor dalam bentu…

Abd Quadri-Abojukoro AN et al, Phytochemical composition & cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of some selected plants, Jl of Applied Animal Res, 2022-Abstract: This study determines the phytochemical contents of selected medicinal plant extracts quantitatively using spectrophotometry & to evaluate their safety on mammalian cells in vitro using tetrazolium-based colorimetric cytotoxicity assay. Twenty-two ethanolic plant extracts were assessed & the result showed that Psidium guajava had the highest concentration of alkaloids (219.06±11.50 mg/g dry-weight (dw)). In contrast, Acacia nilotica …

Monzon RB, Traditional medicine in the treatment of parasitic diseases in the Philippines. Southeast Asian J lof Tropical Med & Public Health 26(3): 421-8.1995.

Oliveira JTA et al, Compositional & nutritional attributes of seeds from the multiple purpose tree Moringa oleifera Lamarck. Jl of the Sci of Food & Agric. 79(6): 815-20. 1999.

Mun ‘im A et al, Anti-Anemia Effect of Standardized Extract of Moringa Oleifera Lamk. Leaves on Aniline Induced Rat, Pharmacogn Jl, 2022-Abstract: The leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) have been empirically used as anti-anemia for pregnant woman. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of ethanolic extract of MO leaves was evaluated on the hematology parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit), on aniline induced white female rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty female rats strain Sprague-Dawley were divided into six groups: normal, anemia & ferrous fumarate group, …

Pal SK et al, antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Ancient Science of Life 14(3): 197-9. 1995.

Peñalver R et al, Nutritional & antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera leaves in functional foods. Foods, 11(8), 1107. 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a tree cultivated originally in northern India, whose ancient use as a medicine has demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its richness in minerals and macronutrients, the antioxidant capacity & the mineral Bioaccessibility were assessed. In addition, the chemical composition, amino acid, fatty acid, & mineral content were also evaluated. The performed analysis reported a high content of proteins & low co…

Nath D et al. Survey on indigenous medicinal plants used for abortion in some districts of Uttar Pradesh. Fitoterapia 68(3): 223-5. 1997.

Nnadiukwu TA et al, Synergistic Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Moringa oleifera & Pleurotus ostreatus on Liver Enzymes & Some Renal Functions of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats, Int Jl of Biochem Res & Rev, 16(1):1- 11, 2017-Abstract : To evaluate the effect of the combined ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera & Pleurotus ostreatus on the liver & some renal function of alloxan-induced diabetic rats by checking the concentrations of the liver enzymes (AST, ALT & ALP), total Bilirubin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea & uric acid. Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry,…

Pal SK et al, Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats. Phytother Res, 9: 463-5. 1995.

Mottaghi M et al, Evaluation of anti-Toxoplasma effects of solid lipid nanoparticles carrying Cinnamon zeylanicum & Moringa oleifera oil extracts, BMC Comp Med Ther, 24(1):375, 2024-Abstract: This study aimed to determine the anti-Toxoplasma effects of Cinnamon zeylanicum (CZ), Moringa oleifera (MO) oil encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Methods: Vero cells were cultured with serial concentrations (1 mg/mL to 100 µg/mL) of CZ-SLNs & MO-SLNs in DMEM culture medium. The morphological, physical, & chemical features of nanoparticles were calculated. The cell viability assays & …

Poluan JC et al. Narrative review: potential of flavonoids from moringa (moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves as immunomodulators. Galenika J of Pharm, 2023;9(2):270–83-Abstract:Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) are plants from the Moringaceae family that have many properties & are often used empirically as traditional medicine. One of the benefits of M. oleifera leaves is immunomodulator, which functions to modulate the human immune system in both immunostimulants & immunosuppressants. Objectives To provide information on the potential of flavonoids in M. oleifera leaves as immunomodulators…

Abdou KH et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Protects Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling & Amelioration of Oxidative Stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2019, 187, 181–91-Abstract: The efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MO) in alleviating nephrotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was studied. Rats were divided into four groups. Group I received distilled water. Group II received TiO2NPs. Group III received both TiO2NPs suspension beside MO. Group IV received MO only. Kidney KIM-1, NF-кB TNF-α, & HSP-70 expression was…

Sailaja BS et al, Moringa isothiocyanate-1 regulates Nrf2 & NF-κB pathway in response to LPS-driven sepsis & inflammation. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0248691-Abstract: This study aims to document the dual mode of pharmacological action of moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1) derived from seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Oral administration of chemically stable MIC-1 (80 mg/kg) significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers (Tnf-α, Ifn-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in the liver, kidney, spleen, & colon & decreased spleen weight in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis / acute inflammation model in …

Noubissi PA et al, Anxiolytic & anti-colitis effects of Moringa oleifera leaf-aqueous extract on acetic acid-induced colon inflammation in rat, Biomed & Pharmacother, 154:113652, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera decoction is believed to alleviate gastrointestinal tract diseases. This study investigated antioxidant & anxiolytic activities of its leaves aqueous extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Rats (36) were randomly divided into six groups & received (20 days) distilled water, 10 mL/kg; MO leaf-aqueous extract (25, 50, & 100 mg/kg) or Loperamide (5 mg/kg). On days 1, 8, 17, & 2…

Rao AV et al, In vivo radioprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves. Indian Jl of Experimental Biol, 39: 858-63. 2001.

Shady NH et al. Mechanistic wound healing & antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera seeds extract supported by metabolic profiling, in silico Network Design, molecular docking, & in vivo studies. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(9):1743-

Prabsattroo T et al, Moringa oleifera extract enhances sexual performance in stressed rats, Jl Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2015; 16(3): 179–90-Abstract: Aphrodisiacs are required to improve male sexual function under stressful conditions. Due to the effects of oxidative stress and dopamine on male sexual function, we hypothesized that Moringa oleifera leaves might improve male sexual dysfunction induced by stress. Therefore, the effects on various factors playing important roles in male sexual behavior, such as antioxidant effects, the suppression of monoamine & phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) ac…

ABIDIN Z et al, Effect of dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaf extract & Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immune response, & disease resistance in white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Shellfish Immunol, 127:876-890. 2022-Abstract: This study investigated the effect of the moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract & Lactobacillus acidophilus individually or combined on growth performance, enzyme activity, intestinal & hepatopancreatic histology, intestinal microbiota, immune response, & resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus & Vibrio paraha…

Rao NR et al, Pterygospermin – the antibiotic principle of Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Indian Jl of Pharm, 15(12): 315. 1953.

Olounlade P et al, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum & Vernonia amygdalina as a Natural Antiparasitic Alternative in Growing Rabbits. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 2021, 33, 1–7-Abstract:  This study aims to assess the activity of Moringa oleifera, Ocimum gratissimum & Vernonia amygdalina on the elimination of coccidia cysts & helminth eggs in rabbits. 40 New Zealand rabbits, 60 days old & 1100 ± 122g body weight & naturally infected were used. The rabbits were assigned to forth groups of ten rabbits per group. The first three groups: Mo, Og & VA received respectively MO, OG & Vernonia amygdal…

Pareek A. et al, Moringa oleifera: An updated comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities, ethnomedicinal, phytopharmaceutical formulation, clinical, phytochemical, & toxicological aspects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24:2098-Abstract: Moringa oleifera, also known as the “tree of life” or “miracle tree,” is classified as an important herbal plant due to its immense medicinal & non-medicinal benefits. Traditionally, the plant is used to cure wounds, pain, ulcers, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, & inflammation. This review aims to compile an analysis of worldwide research, pharma…

Prakash AO, Ovarian response to aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera during early pregnancy in rats. Fitoterapia, 59(2): 89-96.1988.

Sahoo S et al: Identification of a proteinaceous component in the leaf of Moringa Oleifera Lam with effects on high serum creatinine. Indian Jl Pharm Sci. 76 :78–81. 2014.

Prakash AO et al, Uterine histoarchitecture during pre- & post-implantation periods of rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 18: 129-35.1987.

Soliman MM et al, Protective Impacts of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Against Methotrexate-Induced Oxidative Stress & Apoptosis on Mouse Spleen, Evid Based Comp Alter Med, 6738474. 2020-Abstract: The current study was aimed to examine the possible ameliorative impacts of MO leaf extract (MOLE) against MTX-induced alterations on oxidative stress of mouse spleen & explore the possible molecular mechanism that controls such impacts. Methods: Adult male mice were allocated into 4 groups: control, M oleifera leaf extract (MOLE), MTX & MOLE plus MTX. Mice received MOLE orally for a week before …

Al-Said MS et al, Edible Oils for Liver Protection: Hepatoprotective Potentiality of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil against Chemical‐Induced Hepatitis in Rats. Jl of Food Sci. 77: 124-30, 2012.-Abstract: In the present study, in vitro antioxidant, antioxidative stress & hepatoprotective activity of Moringa oleifera seed oil (Ben oil; BO) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) induced lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage in rats. The oil at 0.2 & 0.4 mL/rat was administered orally for 21 consecutive days. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic (GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT) & Bilirubin l…

Rani N.Z.A et al. Moringa Genus: A Review of Phytochemistry & Pharmacology. Front. Pharmacol. 2018, 9, 108-Abstract: Moringa is a genus of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally to cure wounds & various diseases such as colds & diabetes. In addition, the genus is also consumed as a source of nutrients and widely used for purifying water. The genus consists of 13 species that have been widely cultivated throughout Asia and Africa for their multiple uses. The purpose of this review is to provide updated & categorized information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological a…

Perumalsamy H et al, A comprehensive review on Moringa oleifera nanoparticles: importance of polyphenols in nanoparticle Synthesis, nanoparticles efficacy and their applications, Jl Nano-bio-technology, 19;22(1):71.2024-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is one of the popular functional foods that has been tremendously exploited for synthesis of a vast majority of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The diverse secondary metabolites present in this plant turn it into a green tool for synthesis of different NPs with various biological activities. In this review, we discussed different types of NPs including …

Ruckmani K et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian Jl of Pharmaceut Sciences, 60(1): 33-5. 1998.

Ashok Kumar N et al Antioxidant action of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick) against Antitubercular drugs induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Jl Med Food. 6 :255–9. 2003.

AL-Zharani MSH et al, Effect of Moringa on Biochemical & Immunological Changes in Hyperglycemic Rats. Arch Pharm Pract. 2023;14(2):30-Abstract: This study seeks to determine the impact of moringa on biochemical & immunological alterations in hyperglycemic rats. Moringa is one of the most herbal plants with remarkable medicinal effects, including treating high blood sugar & enhancing immune functions. Twenty-four (24) male albino Sprague-Dawley strain rats were separated into four groups, with one serving as the negative control group (normal); the other groups were used to induce diabetes w…

Pop OL et al, A Comprehensive Review of Moringa oleifera Bioactive Compounds—Cytotoxicity Evaluation & Their Encapsulation, Foods, 11(23):3787, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. has gained a lot of attention due to its potential use as a functional food not only for human health but also for animal health. Its bioactive molecules include carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, fatty acids, essential amino acids, & functional peptides. Despite significant efforts to isolate & characterize bioactive metabolites with health functions, few effective metabolites are accessible. The cu…

Rahayu E et al, Antibacterial Inhibition Extract of Moringa Leaf & Basil Leaf Antibacterial Inhibition Test Against the Combination Extract of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) & Basil Leaf (Ocimum basilicum) as a Substitute for Feed Additive. Hasanuddin Jl Anim Sci. 2021;3(2):85-94-Abstract: Moringa leaves (Moringa oliefera) & basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) contain active compounds that can used to inhibit the growth & extinguish Escherichia coli & Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of each of the bioactive substances produced from a combinat…

Salem A et al, Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & antiarthritic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam: An ethnomedicinal plant of Moringaceae family, South Afr Jl of Botany, 128:246-56, 2020-Abstract: This study was aimed at assessing anti-arthritic potential of Moringa oleifera (wild type). Different extracts of the plant leaves were prepared & evaluated for the presence & quantification of phytochemicals. The plant extracts were assessed for in vitro antioxidant activity by different methods followed by in vitro anti-inflammatory assays such as protein denaturation, membrane stabilization & ant…

Shaw BP et al, Clinical assessment of Sigru (Moringa oleifera Lam) on Mutrakrichra (lower urinary tract infection) NAGARJUN, 1982, 231-5.

Shrivastava M et al, phytochemical screening & in-vivo antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera, Indo-Am Jl of Pharmaceut Sci, 09(8):123-8, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) popularly known as miracle tree belongs to the family Moringaceae. It is a medicinal plant in which the leaves are the most nutritious part, being a significant source of vitamins & protein among others. This study was conceived & designed based on the gaps in the research that has been performed & what is known about the plant. This study investigated the protective & amelior…

Shukla S et al, Biochemical & physiological alterations in female reproductive organs of cyclic rats treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Acta Europaea Fertilitatis 19: 225-32. 1998.

Ahmad S et al, Moringa oleifera impedes protein glycation & exerts reno-protective effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 305:116-7, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a valued plant with wide distribution in tropical & subtropical regions of the world. It is traditionally used for the treatment of fever, infections, rheumatism, cancer, improving cardiac, renal & hepatic functions, & regulating blood glucose level. The plant has been scientifically reported for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, renoprotective, & anti-diabetic properties. Diabetic patients a…

Adenike AA, Antidiabetic & Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Dried Flowers of Moringa oleifera in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats, Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis, 33(4) :259-72, 2016-Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the antidiabetic & antioxidant effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 100, 200 & 300 mg/kg b.w. Thirty (30) male experimental albino rats were grouped randomly into six groups: groups A, B, & F are the control, diabetic control and reference drug groups, while…

Raza C et al, In Vivo Study of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts as Potential Sources of Neuroprotection against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity, Plants (Basel), 13(11):1479, 2024-Abstract: The current study aims to assess the seed extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) on rotenone-mediated motor function impairments in a PD mouse model. For this purpose, two different seed extracts of MO were prepared, including aqueous MO (AqMO) & ethanolic MO (EthMO). Male Swiss albino mice were grouped into five groups. Mice received 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 21 consecutive days, & control mice received the vehicle…

Rajamanickam K et al, In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity & In Vivo Toxicity of Moringa oleifera & Allamanda cathartica against Multiple Drug Resistant Clinical Pathogens. Int. Jl Pharm. BioSci. 2013; 4:768-75-Abstract: Based on the traditional usage, Moringa oleifera & Allamanda cathartica plants were selected. The present study is to find out its antimicrobial potential against clinical isolates of KMC-Hospital. The resistant patterns of the isolated pathogens were studied against commercial standard antibiotics. By using the different polar solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Chloroform, Water, Pe…

Rocchetti Get al, Phenolic profiling & in vitro bioactivity of Moringa oleifera leaves as affected by different extraction solvents. Food Res. Int. 2020, 127, 108712-Abstract: n this work the (poly)-phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera leaves was comprehensively investigated through untargeted metabolomics, following a homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) using three solvent systems, i.e. methanol (HAE-1), methanol-water 50:50 v/v (HAE-2) & ethyl acetate (HAE-3). This approach allowed to putatively annotate 291 compounds, recording mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids. Thereafter, antioxid…

Setyani W et al, Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Moringa Oleifera: Extraction Yield, Content of Bioactive Compounds, & Biological Effects In Vitro. Plants,12, 2455, 2023-Abstract: This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize the extraction yield, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), & DPP IV enzyme inhibitory activity from Moringa oleifera. The four UAE factors, solvent ratio (A), solvent–solid ratio (B), extraction temperature (C), & extraction time (D), w…

Shivana SK et al, Moringa marvel: navigating therapeutic insights & safety features for future functional foods, Jl of food Measurement & Charact, 2024-Abstract: Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree, has long been recognized for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. This article revisits the therapeutic and safety aspects of Moringa while exploring recent trends in its utilization in the formulation of functional foods. A comprehensive analysis of the literature reveals the rich nutritional profile of Moringa, encompassing vitamins, minerals, and …

Udupa SL et al, A comparative study on the effect of some indigenous drugs on normal & steroid-depressed healing. Fitoterapia 69(6): 507-10, 1998.

Spiliotis V et al, Comparison of antimicrobial activity of seeds of different Moringa oleifera varieties. Pharmaceut & Pharmacol Letters 8(1): 39-40. 1998.

Yulia et al, Skrining fitokimia & penentuan Kadar flavonoid daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) desa dolok sinumbah & raja maligas kecamatan hutabayu raja. Klorofil, 2022;6(1):49-56-

Siddiqui S et al, Cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera fruits on human liver cancer & molecular docking analysis of bioactive constituents against caspase-3 enzyme, Jl Food Biochem, 45(5): e13720, 2021-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is an excellent source of phenolics & flavonoids comprise various pharmacological activities. The fourth widespread leading cause of the patients' death is liver cancer. This study was formulated to perform the antiproliferative activity of M oleifera fruit (MOF) extract on human liver cancer HepG2 cells & computational validation of cell death. HepG2 cell line was trea…

Ugwu OPC et al, PHYTOCHEMICAL & ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT, Int J of Life Sci Biotechnol & Pharm, 2(2), 2013-Abstract: Acute toxicity & phytochemical studies of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera were analysed. The phytochemical analyses of the ethanol extract of M oleifera leaf showed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, reducing sugars, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids & alkaloids. Phytochemicals such as resins, proteins & fat oils were not detected. The LD50 of the ethanol leaf extract in mice was found to be less than 5…

Ajisebiola BS et al, Neutralization of Bitis arietans venom-induce pathophysiological disorder, biological activities & genetic alterations by Moringa oleifera leaves, Toxin Reviews 40(4), 2020-Abstract: Bitis arietans venom (BAV) is known to cause various pathophysiological disorders by altering the cellular inclusions & enzymatic activities of different organs. Moringa oleifera leaf has been reportedly used for treatment of snake envenoming but there is no information on its neutralizing potentials against, Bitis arietans venom. This study investigated the antivenin activity of ethanol cr…

Sheikh A et al, Protective effects of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves against arsenic-induced toxicity in mice, Asian Pac Jl of Trop Biomed, 4(1) :5333-8, 2014.-Abstract: To evaluate the protective role of leaves of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam against arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Methods: Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. The first group was used as nontreated control group while, the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with M. oleifera leaves (50 mg/kg body weight per day), Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg body weight per day) and sodium arsenite plus M. olei…

Sultan R et al, The Anticancer Potential of Chemical Constituents of Moringa oleifera Targeting CDK-2 Inhibition in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Using in-Silico & in Vitro Approaches. BMC Comp Med. Ther. 23, 396. 2023-Abstract: Most of the breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive recurring with a steady rate of up to 20 years dysregulating the normal cell cycle. Dinaciclib is still in clinical trials & considered as a research drug against such cancers target- ing CDK2. The major goal of this study was to identify the potential inhibitors of CDK-2 present in Moringa oleife…

Shundumungan M, Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the upregulation of NF-κB & IL-6/STAT3 pathway, Thesis: Kwazulu-Natal Univ, 2016.-ABSTRACT: This study investigated the antiproliferative & cytotoxic effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract (MOE) in the HepG2 cell line. Materials & Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with a range of MOE concentrations (0-4 000 μg/ml) over 72 h. An IC50 was obtained from the MTT assay & used in all subsequent assays. The cells were then assayed for oxidative stress & membrane…

Wahyudi S et al, Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanodots (CNDs) Moderated by Flavonoid Extracts from Moringa oleifera Leaves & Co-Doped Sulfur/Nitrogen (NS - CNDs - Fla) & Their Potential for Heavy Metals Sensing Application, Fluoresce, 35(7):5603-5615. 2025-Abstract: Carbon nano dots (CNDs) has received a lot of attention in recent years due to their potential use in various kinds of applications. Many conventional chemical methods have been used to synthesis CNDs, but these processes have several drawbacks, such as hazardous by products, harsh chemicals, & high costs. To overcome these issues,…

Siddique F et al, Development, physicochemical, & sensory analysis of Moringa oleifera l. powder added buffalo milk yoghurt with pharmacological potential, Sci Rep, 15(1):31519.-Abstract: Yoghurt is a one of the commonly consumed nutritious dairy products, which lacks certain bioactive compounds that are present in abundance in many plants. While, a significant range of phytonutrients are present in the leaves of Moringa oleifera. Thus, the purpose of this work is to develop a functional yoghurt, which could promote the health of the consumers to its bioactive components. In the present wor…

YANG Y et al, Impact of Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant on the quality of fresh buffalo milk cheese during processing & storage, Dairy Sci, 108(8):7979-95.-Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant on quality characteristics of fresh buffalo milk cheese during processing & storage. Sensory properties, pH, & total microbial counts of prepared cheeses remained within the normal quality range over the 21-d storage period. The residual coagulant activity during cheese processing was significantly higher compared with that during stor…

Ali Redha A et al, Novel insights on anti-obesity potential of the miracle tree, Moringa oleifera: A systematic review. Jl of Functional Foods, 84, 104600. 2021-

Anwar F et al: Moringa Oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res. 21 :17–25. 2007.

Sohaib M et al, Comparative study among Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, & Moringa oleifera based ethanolic-extracts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, & cytotoxic activities, Saudi Jl of Biol Sci, 29(1):11-22, 2022-Abstract: Microbial resistance & other emerging health risk problems related to the side effects of synthetic drugs are the major factors that result in the research regarding natural products. Fruits, leaves, seeds, & oils-based phyto-constituents are the most important source of pharmaceutical products. Plant extract chemistry depends largely on species, plant compon…

Subadra S et al. Retention & storage stability of beta-carotene in dehydrated drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera). Inter Jl of Food Sci & Nutr, 48(6): 373-9, 1997.

Susanto J et al, Lacrimal Gland Histopathology & Secretory Function in Sjogren’s Syndrome Mice Model Treated with Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Extract, Resaerch-Gate, 2022-Abstract: the pathogenesis of Sjogren’s syndrome involves the activation of NF-κB, producing proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, & interferon-γ. Through oxidative stress, they will cause necrosis & apoptosis of lacrimal gland cells, resulting in impaired secretory function or reduced tear production. MO leaf extract is known to have strong anti-inflammatory and…

Tahiliani P et al, Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male & female rats. Pharmacol Res, 41(3) :319-23, 2000.-Abstract: The role of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status, was studied in adult Swiss rats. Other than the thyroid hormone concentrations, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) & the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) & catalase (CAT) were evaluated. In the first experiment, effects of the leaf extract (175 mg kg (-1) body wt. day (-1) for 10 days) were studied…

Wang L et al, Bioactive components & anti-diabetic properties of Moringa oleifera Lam, Rev Food Sci Nutr, 62(14):3873-3897, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. is a perennial tropical deciduous tree with high economic and pharmaceutical value. As an edible plant, MO. is rich in nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, mineral elements & vitamins. Besides, it also contains an important number of bioactive phytochemicals, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates & isothiocyanates. MO for long has been used as a natural anti-diabetic herb in India & other Asian countrie…

Yang E et al, Genome-Wide Identification & Expression Analysis of the Aux/IAA Gene Family of the Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Reveals Regulatory Effects on Shoot Regeneration, Int Jl of Mol Sci, 23(24):15729. 2022-Abstract. The classical auxin signaling pathway holds that auxin initiates downstream signal transduction by degrading Aux/IAA transcription repressors that interact with ARF transcription factors. In this study, 23 MoIAA genes were identified in the drumstick tree genome. All MoIAA genes were located within five subfamilies based on phylogenetic evolution analysis; the …

Villegas-Vazquez EY et al, Unveiling the Miracle Tree: Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera in Chronic Disease Management & Beyond, Biomed, 13(3):634. 2025-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (MO) has gained recognition as a potent natural intervention for preventing & managing chronic diseases (CDs) due to its diverse phytochemical composition & pharmacological properties. Rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids, & glucosinolates, MO exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, cardioprotective, & anti-obesity effects. These properties make it a valuable therapeutic agent for CDs, inclu…

Vijayaraghavan G et al, Efficacy of Moringa oleifera & Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) as coagulants for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 2015; 6(6): 1672-7-Abstract: The efficiency of Moringa oleifera & Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) as coagulants for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution was studied. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of various process parameters such as pH, coagulant dose, initial dye concentration & settling time on dye removal capacity of the coagulant and the optimum condition for maximum…

TANGESTANI FM et al, Bioactive Extract from Moringa oleifera Inhibits the Proinflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Macrophages, Pharmacogn. Mag, 11(44):556, 2015.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a widely grown plant in most tropical countries & it has been recognized traditionally for several medicinal benefits. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of MO extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages. Materials & methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of MO hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extracts was evalua…

Atta AH et al. Hepatoprotective & antioxidant effects of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in rats. Wulfenia 2017; 24 (3): 249-68.

TETEH A et al, Moringa oleifera leave: Hydro-Alcoholic Extract & Effects on Growth Performance of Broilers. Inter Jl of Poultry Sci. 12 (7): 401-5. ISSN: 1682-8356. 2013.

Villarruel-Lopez A et al. Effect of Moringa oleifera consumption on diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18 (1): 127.

YAMÉOGO CW et al Determination of Chemical Composition & Nutritional Values of Moringa oleifera Leaves. Pakistan Jl of Nutr. 10 (3): 264 - 26. ISSN: 1680-5194. 2011.

Villasenor IM et al, Structure of a Mutagen from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera. Carcinogenesis 10: 1085-7, 1989.

Warhurst AM et al, Adsorption of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR by a low-cost activated carbon from the seed husks of the pantropical tree, Moringa oleifera. The Sci of the Total Environment 207: 207-11, 1997.

ANZANO A et al, Chemical Analysis & Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves & Seeds, Molecules, 27(24):8920-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a traditional food crop widespread in Asiatic, African, & South American continents. The plant, able to grow in harsh conditions, shows a high nutritional value & medicinal potential evidencing cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, & antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical analysis of Mo & the identification of the antimicrobial compounds by combining a chemical approach with in vitro tests. The…

Zhao B et al, Optimization of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Chinese Moringa Oleifera Leaves & Antioxidant Activities. Jl. Food Qual. 5346279. 2019-Abstract: Rich in phenolic compounds, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (ME) exhibits significant antioxidant activity both in vitro & in vivo. ME has already been widely used in fields of medicine, functional food, & cosmetics. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) method has been improved to be one of the most effective ways to extract phenols from MO  leaves. The purpose of this study was to optimize ultrasonic extraction of phenols by response surface m…

Zheng L et al, the anti-inflammatory activity of GABA-enriched Moringa oleifera leaves produced by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum LK-1, Frontiers in Nutr, 2023-Abstract: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the main active components in Moringa oleifera leaves, can be widely used to treat multiple diseases including inflammation. Methods: In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity & the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of the GABA-enriched MO leaves fermentation broth (MLFB) were investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells model. The key active com…

Sutalangka C et al, Moringa Oleifera Mitigates Memory Impairment & Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Age-Related Dementia, Oxid Med Cell Longev, :695936. 2013-Abstract: To date, the preventive strategy against dementia is still essential due to the rapid growth of its prevalence & the limited therapeutic efficacy. Based on the crucial role of oxidative stress in age-related dementia & the antioxidant & nootropic activities of Moringa oleifera, the enhancement of spatial memory & neuroprotection of M. oleifera leaves extract in animal model of age-related dementia was determined. The poss…

TWINOMUJUNI SS et al, Evaluation of the effects of Artemisia Annua L. & Moringa Oleifera Lam. on CD4 count & viral load among PLWH on ART at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, AIDS Res Ther, 21(1):22. 2024-Abstract: initiation of ART among people living with HIV (PLWH) having a CD4 count ≤ 350cells/µl, produces poor immunological recovery, putting them at a high risk of opportunistic infections. To mitigate this, PLWH on ART in Uganda frequently use herbal remedies like Artemisia annua & Moringa oleifera, but their clinical benefits & po…

TALIB WH et al, Immunomodulatory & anticancer effects of moringa polyherbal infusions: potentials for preventive & therapeutic use, Front Immunol, 16:1597602. 2025- Abstract: Plant-based phytochemicals have shown potential as agents against cancer through various biological pathways, including immune system modulation. Combining natural compounds with synergistic interactions enhances the identification of molecular targets in cancer cells, demonstrating anticancer capabilities. The "miracle tree," Moringa oleifera (Moringa), possesses remarkable nutritional & medicinal properties. Aim: Thi…

Zeng B et al, The Beneficial Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf on Reproductive Performance in Mice, Food Sci Nutr, 22;7(2):738-746. 2019-Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) on reproductive performances in mice. We studied the reproductive performance of mice for six consecutive gestations. Mice fed with 4% MOL diet showed improved litter size, litter birth weight & litter survivals until weaning age compared to control mice fed with normal diet (p < 0.05). Mice fed with MOL diet did not change weight & organ coefficients. Serum malondia…

Tsaknis J et al, Characterization of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 47: 4495-9. 1999-Abstract: The oil from Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seeds from Kenya was extracted using three different procedures including cold press (CP), extraction with n-hexane (H), & extraction with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (50:50) (CM). The oil concentration ranged from 25.8% (CP) to 31.2% (CM). The density, refractive index, color, smoke point, viscosity, acidity, saponification value, iodine value, fatty acid methyl esters, sterols, tocopherols (by HPLC),…

Aristianti A et al, Formulation & Pharmacological Studies of Leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera), a Novel Hepatoprotection in Oral Drug Formulations, Basic Sci, 9: A, 2021-Abstract: Moringa oleifera leaves extract was formulated into stable suspensions, characterized, & then evaluated for hepatoprotection activity against isoniazid. MATERIALS & METHODS: The leaves were extracted using cold maceration, and suspensions of extract were prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as suspension agent at various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, & 1.0%). The formulations were analyzed by thei…

Abdel-Daim M et al, Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Influences NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Restore Kidney Tissue from Cobalt-Mediated Oxidative Injury & Inflammation in Rats, Nutrients, 12(4) :1031, 2020-Abstract: This study aimed to describe the protective efficacy of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract against the impact of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure on the rat's kidney. Fifty male rats were assigned to five equal groups: a control group, a MOEE-administered group (400 mg/kg body weight (bw), daily via gastric tube), a CoCl2-intoxicated group (300 mg/L, daily in drinking …

ZVINOROVA PI et al, Dietary effects of Moringa Oleifera leaf powder on growth, gastrointestinal morphometry & blood & liver metabolites in Sprague Dawley rats. Jl of Animal Physiol & Animal Nut. 99. 21-28. 2013-Abstract: We investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) as a dietary supplement on growth performance, gastrointestinal (GIT) morphometry and liver function using weanling Sprague Dawley rats to model humans under ad libitum & restricted feeding. An MOLP-based diet was generated by supplementing normal rat feed with the leaf powder at 20%. Four dietary regimens i…

Xie J et al, Alkaloid Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Exerts Antitumor Activity in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway, Evidence-Based Comp & Alter Med, 2021-Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors diagnosed worldwide. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a valuable medicinal plant native to India & Pakistan. However, the antilung cancer activity of MO alkaloid extract (MOAE) is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory effect of MOAE on A549 cells by examination of the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, & mi…

YOUNIS N et al, Phytochemical & antioxidant screening of Moringa oleifera for its utilization in the management of hepatic injury, Front Nutr, 2022-Abstract: Phytochemicals present in Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves have performed several physiological functions in human system such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective & antiatherogenic functions. Methods: Phytochemical & antioxidant potential of MO leaves extracts were measured. Histopathology, biochemical analysis, and gene expression tests were performed on serum, blood, & liver in anim…

WARUGURU P et al, Moringa oleifera regulates the health of people living with HIV in developing countries: a systematic review, Jl AIDS Res, 22(3):247-52. 2023-Abstract If left untreated, HIV has the potential to increase morbidity & mortality rates to 14 times higher than that of HIV AIDS-free persons of the same sex & age group. Currently, treatment of HIV is by use of ART, which has proved to prolong the lives of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). In addition to ART, HIV patients opt to also use traditional medicines. Moringa oleifera is one of the traditional herbs that is used by HIV p…

Naznin A et al, Comparison of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract with Atenolol on Serum triglyceride, Serum Cholesterol, Blood glucose, heart weight, body weight in Adrenaline Induced Rats, Saudi Jl of Biol Sci, 15(2) :253-8, 2008-Abstract: The research work was investigated to compare the effects of Moringa oleifera with Atenolol on serum cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, blood glucose level, heart weight & body weight of adrenaline induced rats (AIR) in à crossover design. The pharmacologically active components responsible for above-mentioned activities were isolated from plant u…

Nwidu L et al, In Vitro Anti-Cholinesterase & Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Moringa oleifera Plants from Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Med, 5:7. 2018.-Abstract: This study evaluated Moringa oleifera extracts from two locations in Niger Delta for in vitro anti-cholinesterase & antioxidant activities. Methanolic, aqueous & ethanolic extracts of M oleifera were evaluated for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, antioxidant properties, & total phenolic & flavonoid contents using standard procedures. M. oleifera extracts possessed significant & concentration dependent …

Fahey JW: Moringa Oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its Nutritional, therapeutic & prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Jl. 1:52005. -Abstract: Moringa oleifera, or the Horseradish tree, is a pantropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan & sajna. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in main Stream scientific Journals describing its nutritional & medicinal properties. Its utility as a non-food product has also been extensively described, but will not be discuss…

Abd-El-hakim YM et al, Moringa oleifera leaves powder mitigates imidacloprid-induced neurobehavioral disorders & neurotoxic reactions in broiler chickens by regulating the caspase-3/Hsp70/PGC-1α Pathway. Jl Agric Food Chem, 2025-Abstract: This study investigated the potential neuroprotective role of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) dietary supplementation on imidacloprid (IMD)-induced neurobehavioral disturbances, oxidative stress, & apoptosis in broiler chicken brains. In a 6-week trial, 150-day-old commercial meat-type Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal group…

Ezhilarasi A et al, Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera extract & their biomedical applications, Cytotoxicity effect of nanoparticles against HT-29 cancer cells, Jl of Photochem & Photobiol B : Biol, 164 : 352-60, 2016-Abstract : Green protocols for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera plant extract has been reported in the present study as they are cost effective & ecofriendly, moreover this paper records that the nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles prepared from green method shows better cytotoxicity & antibacterial activity. The NiO nano…

Ranjan R et al, Tamarindus indica L. & Moringa oleifera M. extract administration ameliorates fluoride toxicity in rabbits. Jl Exp Biol. 2009; 47:900–5-Abstract: Aqueous extracts of T. indica fruit pulp (100 mg/kg body weight) & M. oleifera seeds (50 mg/kg body wight) orally once daily for 90 days lowered plasma fluoride concentrations in rabbits receiving fluorinated drinking water (200 mg NaF/ Liter water). Cortical indices & metaphysial width in animals receiving extracts also revealed beneficial effects of plant extracts. Changes in plasma biochemistry suggested less hepatic and renal d…

Kim C.G et al, Moringa oleifera mitigates ethanol-induced oxidative stress, fatty degeneration and hepatic steatosis by promoting Nrf2 in mice. Phytomed, 2022, 100, 154037-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is cultivated throughout the world & it is known by numerous regional names & is consumed as medication for various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, HIV & is potential source of nutrients & natural antioxidants making it among the most useful trees. Methods: We evaluated the therapeutic potential of MO on ethanol-induced fatty liver. The mice were treated with 30% ethanol (…

Choi EJ et al, Topical application of Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates experimentally induced atopic dermatitis by the regulation of Th1/Th2/Th17 balance. Biomed Pharmacother. 84:870-7. 2016-Abstract: In this study, the anti-atopic dermatitis activity of the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf was investigated in vitro & in vivo. METHODS: For the in vitro study, Ha CaT human keratinocytes were used for cytokines & MAP Kinase assay. In the in vivo study, M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MO) was topically applied to BALB/c mice with Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE; house dus…

Atta AH et al. Phytochemical, antioxidant & hepatoprotective effects of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract against liver injury in animal model. Asian Pac Jl Trop Med 2018; 11 (7): 423-429. Doi: 10.4103/1995-7645.237186

Aymen Ahmed et al, Antiproliferative activity of Moringa oleifera's leaves ethanolic extract & docetaxel on LNCaP cell line & on the level of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing lig,  Int Jl of Health Sci,  Corpus ID: 250151623, 2022-Abstract: Cancer is abnormal cells growth that is responsible for the majority of global deaths & cancer is expected to rank as leading cause of death and the single most important barrier to increasing life expectancy in every country of the world in the 21st century. According to the estimates from the world health organization in 2015, cancer is…

Owolabi J et al, Investigating Potential Ameliorative Effects of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Visual Cortex Retinopathy Wistar Rats Models, Research-Gate. 2017-Abstract: It is important to study possible relationships between retinopathy & visual cortex integrity. The human retina is a very delicate component of the human eye. Due to the retina's vital role in visual perception, damage to it can cause permanent blindness. Conditions such as retinopathy can compromise the integrity of its vascularity thereby preventing visual signals being sent to the brain hence leading to…

Cheng D et al, Moringa Isothiocyanate Activates Nrf2: Potential Role in Diabetic Nephropathy. AAPS J. 2019, 21, 31-Abstract: Moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1) is the main active isothiocyanate found in Moringa oleifera, a plant consumed as diet & traditional herbal medicine. Compared to sulforaphane (SFN), MICs are less studied and most work have focused on its anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this study is to better understand the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant activity of MIC-1 & its potential in diabetic nephropathy. MIC-1 showed little toxicity from 1.25-5 μM. MIC-1 activated Nrf2-ARE at s…

Aly O et al, Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on TNF-α & TGF-β expression in acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in rats, Egyptian Jl of Med Human Genetics, 699: 2020-Abstract: It has been reported that Moringa oleifera (MO) has different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera extract on acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats on a biochemical and histological basis. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control group), healthy rates; group II (acetaminophen group), ra…

Fahey JW et al, A Strategy to Deliver Precise Oral Doses of the Glucosinolates or Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Leaves for Use in Clinical Studies, Nutrients, 9;11(7):1547. 2019-Abstract: Moringa oleifera produces high yields of protein-rich leaf biomass, is widely used as a food source, contains an abundance of phytochemicals, & thus has great potential for chronic disease prevention & perhaps, treatment. We have developed & characterized standardized ways of preparing aqueous "teas" from moringa leaves to deliver precisely calibrated levels of phytochemicals for use in clinical tr…

Alkuwaity MA et al, Foliar application of Moringa oleifera leaves extract altered stress-responsive gene expression & enhanced bioactive compounds composition in Ocimum basilicum, South Afr Jl of Botany, 129:291-8, 2020-Abstract:Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) contains a mixture of essential elements, which promotes the growth & yield of many plant species. In this study, the effects from foliar application of MLE on the plant growth parameters as well as phytochemical composition of Ocimum basilicum plants cultivated under 1000 ppm salt stress were investigated. In addition, the effe…

Finbarrs-Bello E et al, Moringa oleifera extract & neostigmine confer neuroprotection on aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease: Antoxidant & acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory. Jl of Med Herbs & Ethnomedicine,8, 29-32. 2022-Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological episode associated with the senescence process characterized by neuronal cell death in brain regions & loss of cognition. The study investigates the neuroprotective potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf extract & Neostigmine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by Aluminium chloride (AlCl3). A total numb…

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves’ Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Animals, 12(1):42, 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concen…

Yang E et al, Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Embryogenic Callus Induction in Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.), Abstract: The plant embryogenic callus (EC) is an irregular embryogenic cell mass with strong regenerative ability that can be used for propagation & genetic transformation. However, difficulties with EC induction have hindered the breeding of drumstick, a tree with diverse potential commercial uses. In this study, three drumstick EC cDNA libraries were sequenced using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. A total of 7191 differentiall…

Lim-Sylianco CY et al, Mutagenic Antimutagenic Activities in Philippine Medicinal & Food Plants, Jl of Toxicol, 4 :1, 1985-Abstract: In developing countries there is increasing interest and research in the area of herbal medicines as an approach to reducing costs of health care. The chemically complex nature of these medicinal preparations results in a significant increased risk of toxicity, including genotoxicity. A total of 138 medicinal plant preparations used in the Philippines have been examined for genotoxicity using various short term bacterial & mammalian tests. Of the plants examin…

Caceres A et al, Pharmacologic properties of Moringa oleifera. 2: Screening for antispasmodic, antiinflammatory & diuretic activity. Jl of Ethnopharm, 36: 233-7, 1992.

Awodele O et al, Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 139(2) :330-6, 2012.-Abstract: Despite the popular use of Moringa oleifera for treating various disorders, there is limited or no scientific data available regarding safety aspects of this remedy, nor are there any documented toxicological studies that can be used to ascertain the safety index of its herbal preparation. Therefore, this present study aimed to carry out extensive toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of M oleifera. Materials & Meth…

Delaveau P et al, Oils of Moringa oleifera and Moringa drouhardii. Plants Med & Phytother 14(10): 29-33, 1980.-Abstract: Both oils were stable & resistant to oxidation. Oil of M. oleifera appears suitable for pharmaceutical & cosmetological uses but yields are low owing to the small size of the seeds and the limited number of fruits produced per tree. M. drouhardii grows in arid regions of Madagascar & has larger fruits and seeds than M. oleifera. Its oil production could be increased & its high oil protein content (25% by weight of kernel) should make the residue satisfactory as an oil-cak…

Cuschieri A et al, Cerebroprotective effects of Moringa oleifera derivatives extracts against MCAO ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Heliyon, 9(6): e 16622, 2023-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (MO), has been studied extensively, and has numerous medicinal & socioeconomic benefits. Emerging research has investigated the efficacy of MO extract and/or its phytochemical derivatives against ischemic stroke in-vivo. To date, no studies comprehensively reviewing the effects of MO extract and/or its phytochemical derivatives against ischemic stroke have been published. A systemati…

Siddhuraju P et al, Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 51: 2144-55. 2003.

Al-Asmari AK et al, Moringa oleifera as an Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast & Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, PLoS One. 2015; 10(8): e0135814.-Abstract: In this study we investigated the anti-cancer effect of Moringa oleifera leaves, bark & seed extracts. When tested against MDA-MB-231 & HCT-8 cancer cell lines, the extracts of leaves & bark showed remarkable anti-cancer properties while surprisingly, seed extracts exhibited hardly any such properties. Cell survival was significantly low in both cells lines when treated with leaves & bark extracts. Furthermore, a striking reduction (about 70–…

Algahtani W et al, Moringa oleifera Lam. Extract rescues lead‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, & apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex. Jl of Food Biochem, 45, e13579. 2021-Abstract: In this study, we investigate the potential protective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract (MOE) against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Wistar rats were allocated equally into (a) a control group, (b) a lead acetate (PbAc) group intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg PbAc, (c) a MOE group orally gavaged with MOE (250 mg/kg), & (d) a MOE + PbAc group orally gavaged with MOE 3 hr before receiving intrape…

Khalil SR et al. Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract influences DNA damage signaling pathways to protect liver tissue from cobalt-triggered apoptosis in rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. ;200:110716. 2020-Abstract: This study assessed the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MLEE) in attenuating the detrimental effects of cobalt dichloride (CoCl2) on rat liver. Forty rats were assigned to five equal groups: control group, MLEE-treated group, CoCl2-treated group, prophylaxis co-treated group, & therapeutic co-treated group. The levels of Co, hepatic injury markers, total…

Adedapo A et al, Ethanol leaf of Moringa Oleifera mitigates Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Damage in Rats through down Regulation of KIM-1 & NF-κB Signaling Pathways, Jl of Pharmacogn, & Nat prod, 8 :2, 2020-Abstract: Acute kidney injury is a serious medical condition that usually results in sudden loss of renal function & high mortality rate in the world. The efficacy & the mechanisms of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in promoting recovery from glycerol induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats was investigated in this study. Methods: Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were random…

Akindele O et al, Bioprospecting for Anti-COVID-19 Interventions from African Medicinal Plants: A Review, Nat prod Com, 2022-Abstract: The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emanated from Wuhan in China in 2019 has become a global concern. The current situation warrants ethnomedicinal drug discovery & development for delivery of phytomedicines with potential for the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed evaluation of available information on plant species used in African traditional medicines with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulat…

Arsene MMJ et al, Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) as an eco-friendly in vivo approach for the assessment of the acute toxicity of medicinal plants: Application to some plants from Cameroon Open vet Jl, 11(4):651-61, 2021-Abstract: The evaluation of medicinal plants’ toxicity is a prerequisite prior to their usage. The vertebrate models used for this purpose are often the object of ethical consideration. Though invertebrate models including Galleria mellonella (GM) have demonstrated the ability to be used to assess the toxicity of various products. To the authors’ knowledge, GM has ne…

CHIMARAOKE C et al, Effects Of Crude Extract & Fractions Of Moringa oleifera Leaves On Glucose Transport Proteins, AMP-Kinase, Na+/K+-ATPase & Other Biochemical Parameters In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Repository.mouau.edu.ng: Retrieved:2023-Abstract: This study investigated the effects of crude extract & fractions from Moringa oleifera leaves on glucose transport proteins, AMP-kinase, Na+/K+-ATPase & other parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetes male Wistar rats using acceptable chemical & biochemical methods. Crude extract & active fractions of MO were subject…

Bhattacharya A et al, Antipyretic, Anti-Inflammatory & Analgesic Effects of Leaf Extract of Drumstick Tree, Jl of Young Pharmacists, 2014; 6(4) :20-24-Objectives: The aim was to investigate the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory & analgesic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera, commonly known as drumstick tree. Materials & Methods: The study is a randomized controlled experimental study. The experiments were carried out dividing the animals in six groups, each containing six animals. Ethanolic extract of MO was administered at 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg doses orally to the respec…

Bhattacharya S. Medicinal plants & natural products in amelioration of arsenic toxicity: a short review. Pharm Biol. 2017;55(1):349–54-Abstract:  Chronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) is considered a serious public health menace worldwide, as there is no specific, safe, & efficacious therapeutic management of arsenicosis. Objectives: To collate the studies on medicinal plants & natural products with arsenic toxicity ameliorative effect, active pre-clinically and/or clinically. Methods: Literature survey was carried out by using Google, Scholar Google and Pub-Med. Only the scientific journa…

Berkovich L et al, Moringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract downregulates nuclear factor-kappaB & increases cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Comp Alter Med. 2013 ;13(1):212.-Abstract: Fewer than 6% patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas live up to five years after diagnosis. Chemotherapy is currently the standard treatment; however, these tumors often develop drug resistance over time. Agents for increasing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy or reducing the cancer cells’ chemo-resistance to the drugs are required to improve treatment outcome. Nuclear fa…

Das ML et al, Edible flowers of India with multiple medicinal uses: An Overview, Inter Jl of Herbal Med, 2015; 3(2): 07-09.-Abstract: India is a reach source of edible flowers in which three have an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. These three flowers are Moringa oleifera, Sesbania grandiflora & Squash blossoms. Flowers of M. oleifera is very important for medicinal value such as Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, hysteria, lower of serum cholesterol, phospholipid, Triglyceride etc. Flower extract of S grandiflora is used to Heal wrinkles, sight weakness & a…

Dahot MU, Antimicrobial activity of small protein of Moringa oleifera leaves. Journal of the Islamic Academy of Sci, 11(1): 1998.

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 3: Effect of seed extracts in the treatment of experimental pyodermia. Fitoter 62(5): 449–50, 1991.

Faisal Nisar M et al, Evaluation of gamma irradiation & Moringa leaf powder on quality characteristics of meat balls under different packaging materials. Jl of Food Processing & Preservation, 44:10, 2020-Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irradiation doses (0, 1.5, & 3 kGy) on the physicochemical & microbial qualities of meat balls with or without moringa leaf powder (MLP) & 14 days under refrigerated storage. The results indicated that irradiation & storage caused significant changes on physicochemical attributes of meatballs & the decreasing trend in stabil…

Das BR et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

Chetia B et al, Antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of stem bark of Spondias pinnata, Moringa oleifera & Alstonia scholaris. Asian Jl of Trad Med, 6(4), 163-7, 2011.

RAHAYU I et al, Phytochemical Analysis, Antimutagenic & Antiviral Activity of Moringa oleifera L. Leaf Infusion: In Vitro & In Silico Studies, MOL, 27(13):4017. 2022-ABSTRACT: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves are rich in nutrients & antioxidant compounds that can be consumed to prevent & overcome malnutrition. The water infusion of its leaf is the easiest way to prepare the herbal drink. So far, no information is available on the antioxidant, antimutagenic, & antivirus capacities of this infusion. This study aimed to determine the composition of the bioactive compounds in MO leaf infus…

Bouttier-Figeroa DC et al, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles via Moringa oleifera seed extract: antioxidant, antibacterial & anticarcinogenic activity on lung cancer, JL of Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subs Environ Eng. 2024;59(5):231-40-Abstract: biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a green method that allows synthesis in one-pot process. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles with plant extracts has gained interest in the field of biomedicine due to its variety of applications. This study presents the synthesis via green chemistry of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the methanol extract of Mo…

Faizî S et al: Fully acetylated carbamate & hypotensive thiocarbamate glycosides from Moringa Oleifera. Phytochem. 38 :957–63. 1995-Abstract: Six new & three synthetically known glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Moringa oleifera, employing a Bioassay-directed isolation method on the ethanolic extract. Most of these compounds, bearing thiocarbamate, carbamate or nitrile groups, are fully acetylated glycosides, which are very rare in nature. Elucidation of the structures was made using chemical and spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR techniques. Thiocarbamates showed hypote…

Edoga C et al: Blood sugar lowering effect of Moringa oleifera Lam in albino rats. Int Jl Sci Technol. 3:88–90. 2013.

Broderick TM et al, Effects of Moringa Extract on Aminoglycoside-Induced Hair Cell Death & Organ of Corti Damage, Otol Neurol, 42(8):1261-8, 2021-Abstract: Moringa extract, a naturally occurring anti-oxidant, protects against aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death & hearing loss within the organ of Corti. Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) arise primarily in the mitochondria & have been implicated in aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in loss of membrane potential, release of caspases, & cell apoptosis. Moringa extract has not previously been examin…

Einasharty M et al, Dielectric investigation of irradiated RBCs and study the role of Moringa leaves extract against radiation damage, Jl of Applied Radiation & Isotopes, 196(37):110776, 2023-Abstract: This research article introduces dielectric & thermodynamic state functions as physical markers detecting both radiation effects & biological repairs to such damages. The red blood cells of rats were physically investigated in this work after whole body irradiation by 7 Gy of gamma rays & trying for reducing the damage effect of ionizing radiation by using the one of the best medicinal plants…

Dahot MU et al. Proteolytic enzymes of Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy 6(1-2): 1-10, 1985.

Faizî S et al. Isolation & structure elucidation of novel hypotensive agents, niazinin A, niazinin B, Niaziminin & Niaziminin A plus B from Moringa oleifera: The first naturally occurring Thiocarbamates. Jl of the Chem Society Perkin Transactions I (23): 3237-41, 1992.

Brown A, Thesis: THE EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON THE ONCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS IN CERVICAL CANCER CELLS, Appalachian State Univ, 2015- Abstract: Many of the traditional treatment methods for cervical cancer – surgery, radiation therapy, & chemotherapy – are often not cancer-specific & are associated with adverse side effects. Our lab focuses on developing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as an oncolytic, or cancer-killing, agent due to the natural ability of this virus to target susceptible cancer cells. However, some cancer cells have demonstrated increased resista…

Bamidele et al, Effects of Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera (Lam) Leaves on Nicotine-induced Changes in Haematological Parameters in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Eur Jl of Med Plants, 18(4): 1-11, 2017; Art :33046- Aim: This research was conducted to determine the potential role of Moringa oleifera leaves extract in attenuating the toxic effects that may be caused by nicotine on haematological parameters in rat. Study Design: Experimental animal study of ameliorative effect of M oleifera on nicotine-induced changes in haematological parameters. Place & Duration of the Study: Dep…

Freiberger CE et al. Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 53(1): 57-69, 1998.

Dahot MU et al, Nutritive significance of oil extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds. Jl of Pharmacy of the University of Karachi 3(2): 75-80, 1985.

Faizî S et al, Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera. Planta Medica 64: 225–8, 1998.

Barhoi D et al, Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Exhibit Potential Anticancer Activity & can be Used as a Possible Cancer Therapeutic Agent: A Study Involving In Vitro & In Vivo Approach, Jl Am Coll Nutr, 40(1):70-85, 2021-Abstract:  Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic potential of a highly nutritious plant "Moringa oleifera" (MO) in vitro & in vivo. Methods: GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (AEMO) was employed to identify the bioactive compound present. Anti-tumor activity of AEMO was assessed in EAC (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) i…

Ghasi S et al, Hypocholesterolemic effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam in high-fat diet fed Wistar rats. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 69(1): 21-5. 2000.

Chung PH et al, Antifungal activity of crude extracts d essential oil of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Bio Technol, 98 :232-6, 2007.-Abstract: investigations were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic properties of the seeds & leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam as herbal medicines. Ethanol extracts showed antifungal activities in vitro against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum & Microsporum canis. GC-MS analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves showed a total of 44 compounds. Isolated extracts could be of use f…

Dahran N et al, Palliative effect of Moringa oleifera-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Food & Chem Toxicol, 171:113537, 2023-Abstract:Repeated acrylamide (ACR) exposure in experimental animals & humans causes variable degrees of neuronal damage. Because of its unique features, several green synthesized nanomaterials are explored for neuromodulatory activity. Hence, this study investigated the effect of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MO-ZnONP) against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurobehavioral…

Barkat H et al, Nutritional, Medicinal, & Commercial Significance of Moringa oleifera L. Leaves: A Comprehensive Review, Chem Biodivers, 22(9): e202500559.2025-Abstract: Moringa oleifera L., widely referred to as the drumstick tree, is renowned for its leaves, which are abundant in vital nutrients & bioactive substances. This study systematically summarized & reviewed the literature on M. oleifera leaves as nutraceuticals from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and other online databases. In addition, various online tools were utilized to calculate the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxi…

Costa-Lotufo LV et al, Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. J of Ethnopharmacol, 99: 21-30, 2005.

Do BH et al, Phenolic Extraction of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Induces Caspase-Dependent & Caspase-Independent Apoptosis through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species & the Activation of Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Melanoma Cells, Nutr cancer, 73(5):869-88, 2021-Abstract:  in this study, the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was fractionated using different solvents to figure out the most effective fraction for anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells. Methanol extract (MO-ME), hexane fraction (MO-HE), chloroform fraction (MO-CH), ethyl acetate fraction (MO-EA), & water-so…

DAS PE et al, Green Synthesis of Encapsulated Copper Nanoparticles Using a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves & Assessment of Their Antioxidant & Antimicrobial Activities, Molecules, 25(3):555-Abstract: The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts is a very promising method in green synthesis. The medicinal value of Moringa oleifera leaves & the antimicrobial activity of metallic copper were combined in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles having a desirable added-value inorganic material. The use of a hydroalcoholic extract of MO leaves for the g…

Caceres A et al, Pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera. 1: Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activity. Jl of Ethnopharm, 33: 213-6, 1991.

Duranti G et al, Moringa oleifera leaf extract influences oxidative metabolism in C2C12 myotubes through SIRT1-PPARα pathway. Phytomed Plus 2020, 1, 100014-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is an important traditional multipurpose plant, due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) have been shown to have many beneficial properties in pathological conditions including diabete. However, the lack of information about its exact molecular mechanism of action might hinder other potential use in different areas such as skeletal muscle physiology. Hypothesis/purp…

CRISAN D et al, Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with GRADE Assessment, Nutrients, 17(22):3501, 2023-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. is traditionally used in African & Asian medicine for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Rich in (poly)phenols, vitamins, & minerals, various parts of the plant were used to manage metabolic disorders. No systematic research critically evaluated its impact on cardiometabolic outcomes assessed through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), thus this study aimed t…

Duranti G et al, Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Expression & Ameliorates Redox Status in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Mol, 2021, 26, 5041-Abstract: Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant with numerous health benefits. In skeletal muscle cells, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) acts by increasing the oxidative metabolism through the SIRT1-PPARα pathway. SIRT1, besides being a critical energy sensor, is involved in the activation related to redox homeostasis of transcription factors such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). The aim of the …

Cuellar-Nuñez IM et al, Physicochemical & nutraceutical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves & their effects in an in vivo AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model, Food Res Inter, 105 :159-68, 2018-Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has generated great interest in recent years because of its attributed medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds of moringa leaves (MO) & evaluate their effect on a colorectal carcinogenesis model. Twenty-four male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 fed with basal diet …

Farzana AN et al, Antifungal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extract on Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtthe Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Tomato, Am Jl of Plant Sci,, 05(18):2665-71, 2014.-Abstract : The antifungal activity of ethanol & acetone extract of leaves of nine medicinal plants: Piper betel, Lawsonia inermis, Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Moringa oleifera, Mimosa pudica, Catharanthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica & Andrographis paniculata against Fusarium oxysporum the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato was assessed. All the extracts inhibited mycelial growth at various…

Das BR et al Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. VII. Antibacterial activity & chemical structure of compounds related to pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 45: 191-6, 1957.

Akinpelu OF et al, Neurobehavioral investigation of the role/s of Moringa oleifera on 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington’s disease. Int Jl Res Sci Innov. 2019;6(9):109–35-Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment that contribute to the death of striatal neurons & psychiatric symptoms. Systemic administration of 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP) cause selective striatal degeneration similar to that seen in HD. Recent studies clearly demonstrate that increase oxidative stress is one of the major deleterious even in the 3-NP-induced…

Amara I et al, Moringa oleifera Protects SH-SY5YCells from DEHP-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress & Apoptosis, Antioxidants (Basel): 10:4, 532, 2021-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (MO) is a medicinal plant that has been shown to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic & antibiotic activities. In a rat model, MO extract (MOe) has been shown to have a protective effect against brain damage & memory decline. As an extending study, here, we have examined the protective effect of MOe against oxidative stress & apoptosis caused in human neuroblastome (SH-SY5Y) cells by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (D…

Jahan S et al, Antibacterial Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Ethanolic Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli. Mymensingh Med. Jl. 31, 976–82, 2022-Abstract : increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to synthetic antibiotics has lead to the search for alternative drug sources. In this regard, one of the reputed Medicinal plant, Moringa (Moringa oleifera) was investigated for potential antimicrobial effect against some commonly encountered bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. This experimental study was conducted from July 2019 to Ju…

Anthanoni P et al, Moringa Oleifera Leaf Increases Insulin Secretion after Single Dose Administration: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Subject, Jl Med Assoc Thai.; 99 (3):308-13.2016.-Abstract: Herbal medicine has long been used as an alternative medicine for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, Moringa oleifera (MO or ma-rum in Thai) leaf has been widely used in T2DM patients. Several studies in diabetes rat model have shown that MO had effect on glucose metabolism. However, study in humans is lacking. OBJECTIVE: Examine effects of MO on plasma glucose & insulin secretio…

Kanwal S et al, Protective Role of Beta vulgaris & Moringa oleifera leaves in Methotrexate Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Rat Model, Proceedings SZPGMI, 32(1) :7-12, 2018.-Abstract: Methotrexate (MTX) -is an anti-metabolite used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and Auto-immune disorders with significantly higher hepatotoxic potential ranging from fibrosis to cirrhosis in Western versus Asian populations with no known treatment. Focus on Phytotherapy has emerged in this regard. Aims: The aim of this work was to test the possible protective effect of Beta vulgaris & Moringa oleifera le…

Chokkalingam K et al, Toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed extract on some haematological & biochemical profiles in a freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio, Exp & Toxicol Pathol, 4(7-8): 681-7, 2012.-Abstract: The study was carried out to investigate the acute & sublethal toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed extract on haematological & biochemical variables of a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions. The 96 h LC50 value of M. oleifera seed extract to the fish C. carpio was estimated by probit analysis method and was found to be 124.0 mg/L (with 95% confidence limits). For subleth…

Adarthaiya S et al, Moringa oleifera Lam. as a potential plant for alleviation of the metabolic syndrome—A narrative review based on in vivo & clinical studies. Phytother Res 38(2):755–775, 2024-Abstract: the metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the co-occurrence of risk factors, including hyperglycaemia, increased body weight, hypertension & dyslipidemia, which eventually lead to diabetes & cardiovascular disease, a common health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of plant-based products for the management of MetS, because of their less detrimental…

Lopez-Rodriguez NA et al, Glucosinolates & Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera: Chemical & Biological Approaches, Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 75(4):447-457. 2020-Abstract: Alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, are considered to improve the health status of people with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In this regard, Moringa oleifera is currently being studied for its nutritional value & its total phenolic content. Besides phenolic compounds, the phytochemical composition is also of great interest. This composition is characterized by the presence of glucosinolates & isothiocyan…

Akintunde JK et al, Biogenic zinc-oxide nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves abrogates rotenone induced neuroendocrine toxicity by regulation of oxidative stress & acetylcholinesterase activity, Biochem & Biophysics Rep, 26:100999, 2021-Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from plant origin were postulated to regulate complex hormonal control through the hypothalamus- pituitary-testicular axis & somatic cells due to their unique small size and effective drug delivery to target tissues. This study therefore investigates the biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) …

Asare G et al, Toxicity potentials of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera at supra-supplementation levels, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2012-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Order – Moringales, family – Moringaceae & genus – Moringa) is a well-known nutraceutical used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia & hyperglycemia, & also, as a nutritional supplementation. Its popularity use raises the question of possible toxicity at supra-supplementation levels. The objective of the study was to ascertain possible acute toxicity with supra-supplementation using Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. In expe…

Akanni EO et al, Chemo preventive & antileukemic effects of ethanol extracts of Moringa Oleifera leaves on Wistar rats bearing benzene induced Leukaemia. Cur Pharm Biotechnology. 2014 ;15(6) :563-8-Abstract: This study is an attempt to determine the chemopreventive & antileukemic activities of ethanol extracts of Moringa Oleifera leaves on benzene induced Leukemia bearing rats. Leukemia was induced by intravenous injection of 0.2 mL benzene solution 48 hourly for 4 weeks in appropriate rat groups. Ethanol extract of M Oleifera (EMO) leaves was administered at 0.2 mL of 100 mg/mL to respecti…

Adefegha SA et al, Cognitive Enhancing & Antioxidative Potentials of Velvet Beans (Mucuna pruriens) & Horseradish (Moringa oleifera) Seeds Extracts: A Comparative Study, Jl of Food Biochem, 2019-Abstract: Mucuna pruriens & Moringa oleifera seeds are widely consumed as food, and use in folklore for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction although with limited information on their mechanisms of action. This study investigated & compared the effects of aqueous extracts of these seeds on the cholinergic [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] & monoaminergic [monoamine oxida…

Divya S et al. Exploring the Phytochemical, Pharmacological & Nutritional Properties of Moringa oleifera: A Comprehensive Review. Nutr, 16, 3423, 2024-Abstract : Moringa oleifera is one of the most nutrient-packed species, commonly known as the drumstick tree or miracle tree, & has garnered substantial popularity for its health benefits, phytochemical profile, & therapeutic potential. Moringa oleifera is a plant that is native to the Indian subcontinent & has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years owing to its nutritional & therapeutic properties. Methods: The leaves, seed…

Gupta M et al. CNS activities of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera root in mice. Fitoterapia 70(3): 244-50, 1999.

Abdel-Shakour ZT et al, Dissection of Moringa oleifera leaf metabolome in context of its different extracts, origin & in relationship to its biological effects as analysed using molecular networking & chemometrics, Food Chem, 399:133948. 2023-Abstract: M. oleifera known as "miracle tree" is increasingly used in nutraceuticals for the reported health effects & nutritional value of its leaves. This study presents the first metabolome profiling of M. oleifera leaves of African origin using different solvent polarities via HR-UPLC/MS based molecular networking followed by multivariate data anal…

Abou-Zaid SM et al, Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract attenuates tilmicosin-induced renal damage in male rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, & intermediate filament proteins mRNA expression, Biomed & Pharmacother, 133, 2021-Abstract: Tilmicosin (Til) is a popular macrolide antibiotic, widely used in veterinary practice. The present study was designed to address the efficacy of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract in protecting against Tilmicosin (Til) - induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated once with Til (75 mg/kg bw, subcutaneously), …

Aliyu A et al, Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic leaf extract induced acute & sub-acute hepato-nephrotoxicity in female ICR-mice, Sci in Progress, 2021-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam belongs to the family Moringaceae. It is an important multipurpose tree that is largely distributed globally & has been used almost in every aspect of traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses including cancers, diabetes mellitus, asthma, arthritis, etc. This study investigated the effects of oral acute & sub-acute administration of MO hydroethanolic leaf extract (MOHE) in ICR-mice…

Chinsembu KC et al, Chemical diversity & activity profiles of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors from plants, Braz Jl of Pharmacogn, 29:504-28, 2019-Abstract: This review focusses on plants as sources of inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase. Based on a systematic search of the literature, anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity was recorded for 132 plant species in 100 genera & 51 families. Seven families comprise 52.6% of plant species with anti-reverse transcriptase activity: Lamiaceae (13.7%), Fabaceae (10.7%), Euphorbiaceae (9.9%), Clusi…

Adeyemi S et al, Anti-hemorrhagic activity of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on envenomed albino rats, Scientific African, 2021, e00742-Abstract: Echis ocellatus (E. ocellatus) is one of the most venomous viper species which constitutes significant economic & health problem all over the world, especially in rural African communities. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a tropical plant traditionally used in Nigeria for the treatment of many diseases including snakebites. This study, therefore, investigated the anti-haemorrhagic property of ethanol extract of MO leaf on E. ocellatus …

Haristoy X et al, Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of several isothiocyanates on Helicobacter pylori. Planta Medica 71: 326-30. 2005

Hamdi S et al, therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera pods extract & Raspberry Ketone against Thioacetamide toxicity in male rats, Biochem Lettres, 16(4) :49-63, 2019-Abstract: Phytochemicals of antioxidant efficiency have either defensive or disease protective properties are widely used Worldwide. Aim: This study was performed to assess the therapeutic impact of hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (M.O) pods & Rasperry Ketone (R.K) against the complications accompanied with Thioacetamide (TAA) toxicity in male rats. Materials & methods: 88 healthy male rats were separated equally in…

Abd-Rabou AA et al, Moringa oleifera Root Induces Cancer Apoptosis more effectively than Leave Nanocomposites & Its Free Counterpart, Asian Pac Jl Cancer Prev. 2017; 18(8): 2141–9.-Abstract: The aim of this study was to test different extracts from the Moringa oleifera leaves (ML), its PLGA-CS-PEG nanocomposites (MLn), as well as root core (R c) & outer (Ro) parts for activity against hepatocarcinoma HepG2, breast MCF7, & colorectal HCT 116/ Caco-2 cells in vitro. Nano-composites were prepared and characterized. Then, the nanocomposites and the free counterparts were screened on different p…

El-Shanawany EE et al, Immunomodulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract in sheep naturally co-infected with Fasciola gigantica & Clostridium novyi, Jl of Parasitic Disease, 2019-Abstract: The current study was designed to evaluate the in vivo fasciolicidal activity of Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract oral administration as well as its antibacterial activity against Clostridium (C.) novyi in sheep naturally co-infected with fascioliasis & C. novyi. Sheep naturally infected with fascioliasis were divided into 3 groups, heavily infected treated group, lightly infected t…

Faizî S et al. Bioactive Compounds from the leaves & pods of Moringa oleifera. New Trends in Natural Products Chem, 175-83, 1998.

Makkar HPS et al, Nutritional value & antinutritional components of whole & ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal Feed Sci & Technol, 63(1-4): 211-28, 1996-Abstract: Chemical constituents, organic matter digestibility, gross & metabolizable energy, rumen degradable and undegradable nitrogen, amino acid composition, digestion kinetics (leaves, their neutral-detergent fiber & cell solubles) & antinutritional factors were determined in extracted (80% aqueous ethanol; the extract is used as a source of growth promoting factors) & unextracted Moringa oleifera leaves. The metabolizabl…

Fuglie LJ, The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. The Multiple Attributes of Moringa, 172, 1999.

Gilani AH et al, Pharmacological studies on hypotensive & spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res, 8(2): 87-91. 1994.

NDOU DL et al, A Relook into the Flavonoid Chemical Space of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves through a Combination of LC-MS & Molecular Networking, Anal Methods Chem,1327886, 2023-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. is a functional tree that is known to produce a variety of metabolites with purported pharmacological activities. It is frequently called the "miracle tree" due to its utilization in numerous nutraceutical & pharmacological contexts. This study was aimed at studying the chemical space of MO leaf extracts through molecular networking (MN), a tool that identifies metabolites by classifyi…

Njoku OU et al, Investigation on some Physico-chemical antioxidant & toxicological properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil. Acta Pharmaceutica Zagreb 47(4): 287-90.1997-Abstract: The Moringa oleifera kernel contains 20% oil rich in β-carotene, plant sterols & lecithin. The oil contains no unusual fatty acids. Toxicological studies reveal the absence of mycotoxins.

Fakurazi S et al, Moringa Oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature. Mol, 2012, 10;17(7):8334-50-Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties Moringa Oleifera Lam. (MO) extracts and its curative role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxic liver injury in rats caused by oxidative damage. The total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of hydroethanolic extracts of different MO edible parts were investigated by employing an established in vitro …

KALEO IV et al, Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological & immune response, & related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum & ammonia stress Fish Shellfish Immunol, 89:603-13, 2019-Abstract: in order to study the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high ammonia exposure, freshwater prawns were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, & four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% & 1.0% MO leaf extract and 0.025% Enr…

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Fatmawathi A et al, Combination Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract & Andrographis paniculata Herb on Blood Glucose Levels & Pancreas Histopathology of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin, Majalah Obat Tradisional 24(2):85, 2019-Abstract:Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-contagious disease, can damage the glucose metabolic system in the body, & is characterized by hyperglycemic conditions. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) & Andrographis herbs (Andrographis paniculata) have been studied to have antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats. The purpose of this study was to de…

Hamdy NM et al. Effect of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaf extract in treating pneumonia. Egypt Jl Desert Res. 2023;423–42-Abstract:

Geervani P et al, Influence of protein & fat on the utilisation of carotene from drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves. Indian Jl of Med Res, 74: 548-53. 1981

Fitri ZA et al, A Systematic Review of Extraction Methods, Phytochemicals, & Food Applications of Moringa oleifera Leaves Using PRISMA Methodology, Food Sci Nutr, 13(4): e70138. 2025-ABSTRACT: This systematic review was aimed at examining the impact of extraction methods on the phytochemical profile of Moringa oleifera leaves to identify the most effective extraction technique for food application. Mainly, maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are reviewed in this study for their efficiency in extracting key phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves. Given the …

Table 1. The nutrient composition’ of leaves, leaf powder, seeds & pods. All values are in 100 g per plant material [12], [52], [60].

Hamdy NM et al, Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of the polyphenolic compounds in Moringa oleifera leaf: in silico molecular docking, Egyptian Jl of Basic & Applied Sci, 11,1, 2024-Abstract:A recent study conducted an in silico model to investigate the potential of Moringa oleifera’s ethanolic leaf extract as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. The HPLC analysis identified 7 phenolic acids (benzoic acid 28%, syringic acid 23%, ellagic acid 19%, chlorogenic acid 12%, catechol 11%, gallic acid 5%, & caffeic acid 2%) & 5 flavonoids (naringenin 31%, kaempferol 30%, apigenin 14%, rutin 1…

Gassenschmidt U et al, Isolation & characterization of a flocculating protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1243: 477-81, 1995.-Abstract:

Ijioma N et al, Anticholinergic property of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An in vivo & in vitro approach, Jl of Clin & Experiment Res, 2(2) :133, 2014-Abstract: The anticholinergic property of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf extract was investigated using in vivo & in vitro experimental models. Materials & Methods: For the in vivo work, 30 mice (20-25g) were divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each. Groups 2-6 were treated with Atropine (0.1mg/kg) & graded doses of M oleifera leaf extract (50,100,200,400mg/kg) respectively while group 1 served as control. Thirty minutes a…

Fuel M et al, Antioxidant & antiproliferative potential of ethanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera, Tropaeolum tuberosum & Annona cherimola in colorectal cancer cells, Biomed & Pharmacother, 143: 112248, 2023-Abstract: Moringa oleifera, Tropaeolum tuberosum & Annona cherimola are medicinal plants traditionally used in Ecuador. However, their therapeutic properties are not completely known. We analyzed chromatographically ethanolic extracts of the seeds of M. oleifera, A. cherimola & the tubers of T. tuberosum; all presented a high content of polyphenols. The extract of A. cherimola showed …

Kushwaha V et al, Antifilarial activity of gum from Moringa oleifera Lam. on human lymphatic Filaria Brugia malayi. Chron Young Sci 2011; 2:201–06.

Iqbal S et al: Effect of season & production location on antioxidant activity of Moringa Oleifera leaves grown in Pakistan. Jl Food Compos Anal. 19 :544–55. 2006.

Ghazali HM et al, Moringa oleifera seed oil: Composition, nutritional aspects & health attributes, Research-gate, 2011-Abstract: The mature seed of Moringa oleifera is rich in oil containing between 22-40% crude fat. Variation in oil yield may be due to the differences in variety of plant, cultivation climate, ripening stage, the harvesting time of the seeds & the extraction method used. The high percentage of oil makes this seed a distinct potential for the oil industry. Indeed, a search of the literature shows that the oil is commercially available in countries like India. An examination …

Hagoel L et al. Combined effect of Moringa oleifera & ionizing radiation on survival & metastatic activity of pancreatic-cancer-cells. Integr-Cancer-Ther, 2019; 18: 15347354 19828829-Abstract:  Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for malignancies. Radio resistance is a major obstacle in this treatment, calling for new treatments to improve radiotherapy outcome. Herbal medicine has low toxicity & could be a source for new radio-enhancing agents. Moringa oleifera is a well-known medicinal plant with antiproliferative & antimetastatic properties. Possible mechanisms of moringa anticance…

Ganatra T et al, EVALUATION OF CARDIOTONIC ACTIVITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ROOTS, Research-Gate. 2012-Abstract: Moringa oleifera roots possess cardiotonic activity as per Ayurvedic books & literature. Present study was carried out to find better & safer herbal cardiotonic alternate of digoxin by evaluating cardiotonic activity of M oleifera roots. The present study was carried out to evaluate positive inotropic effects of various extracts of roots of M oleifera. Methanolic extract of authentified sample of M oleifera roots was subjected to various experimental models as follow: Isolated rat he…

Gomashe AV et al, Antimicrobial Activity of Indian Medicinal Plants: Moringa oleifera & Saraca indica, Int Jl of Microbiol & Applied Sci, 3(4) :101-4, 2014.-Abstract: The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera & Saraca indica was evaluated in vitro, using disc diffusion method. Six different extracts each for both the plants were used which included aqueous, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, methanol & petroleum ether. The study showed that aqueous & ethanol extract of M oleifera was inhibitory against Escherichia coli (12mm each), Proteus vulgaris (10mm each) & Salmonella …

Hamad RS et al, Chlorogenic acid derived from Moringa oleifera leaf as a potential anti- inflammatory agent against cryptosporidiosis in mice, Asian Pac Jl of Trop Bio-Med, 40(1)45-54, 2023-Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is a serious illness in immunodeficient patients, & there is still no drug that can completely remove the parasite from the host. The present study represents the first report investigating the impact of the active molecule chlorogenic acid (CGA), naturally isolated from Moringa oleifera leaf extract (EMOLE), on immunosuppressed, Cryptosporidium parvum-infected BALB/c mice. Mi…

Karadi RV et al, Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. root-wood on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. Jl Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 105(1-2):306-11.-Abstract: In India, drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)) is commonly used as a phytotherapeutic agent. The effect of oral administration of aqueous & alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera root-wood on calcium oxalate urolithiasis has been studied in male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium & phosphate. Supplementation with aqueous & alcoholic extract o…

Gopalakrishnan KS et al, Antibiotic principles from Moringa pterygosperma. Part III. Action of pterygospermin on germination of seeds & filamentous fungi. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 97-9.1954.

Ganguly R et al, Alteration of brain monoamines & EEG wave pattern in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease & protection by Moringa oleifera, Indian Jl of Med Res, 128 :711-51, 2008.-Abstract: The monoaminergic systems which exert a modulatory role in memory processing, are disturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) & Moringa oleifera (MO) has been shown to exert its effect in CNS by altering the brain monoamines. The present study aims to see whether chronic oral treatment of ethanolic extract of MO leaves can alter the brain monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine & serotonin) in distinct areas of bra…

Jari NL, Thesis, 2005.-Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial & antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants used in the tribal areas of Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh). Among the thirty plants, only eight (ethanolic extract) were showed considerable antibacterial & antifungal activity. By the primary screening, crude extract of two plants viz., Moringa oleifera & Plumeria rubra were exhibited comparatively better activity against the bacteria & fungi tested herein. These two species were finally selected for further detailed study. Antibacterial activit…

LI Y et al, Comparative analysis of the quality of buffalo milk fresh cheese processed with Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant & calf rennet, Jl Dairy Sci, 107(12):10571-10583, 2024-Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant & calf rennet to produce buffalo milk fresh cheese. No significant difference was found between composition & functional characteristics. MO seed milk coagulant cheese exhibited smaller pore size; a more uniform conformation, & a denser network structure compared with calf rennet cheese. Moreover, hardness, adhesive…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part V. Effect of pterygospermin on the assimilation of Glutamic acid by Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. Indian J of Med Res, 42: 109-14. 1954.

Gopalakrishnan L et al, Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance & its medicinal application, Food Sci & Human Wellness, 5, 49-56, 2016.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as ‘drumstick tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’. Moringa can withstand both severe drought & mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world. With its high nutritive values, every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes. The leaves are rich in minerals, vitamins & other essen…

Garga MA et al, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY & PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES & SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, INTER Jl OF RES -GRANTHAALAYAH. 7:11, 2019- Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect & identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves & seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds & Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol & e…

Jayavardhanan KK et al, Modulatory potency of drumstick lectin on the host defense system. Jl of Experiment Clinical Cancer Res, 13(3): 205-9. 1994.

Kumar V et al: Antibacterial & antioxidant activity of extract of Moringa oleifera leaves-An in vitro study. Int Jl Pharm Sci Rev Res. 12 :89–94. 2012.

Gupta M et al, Antiepileptic & anti-cancer activity of some indigenous plants. Indian Jl of Physiol & Allied Sciences 51(2): 53-56. 1997.

Hayford Abno Narh, Thesis; ANTI-BREAST CANCER PROPERTIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN GHANA, Univ of Ghana, 2015-Abstract: The study sought to screen Ghanaian traditional medicinal plants for their antiproliferative effect on MCF7 breast cancer cell line & determine the mechanism of induction of cytotoxicity. A total of 40 fractions comprising 14 fractions of ethyl acetate, 14 fractions of dichloromethane & 12 fractions of petroleum ether from 16 plant species were examined for their cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay. Aqueous & 50% hydroethanolic extract…

Ishola IO et al, Potential of Moringa oleifera in the Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Role of Antioxidant Defense Systems. Med Princ Pract. 2018; 27(1):15-22.-Abstract: This study sought to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS & METHODS: BPH was induced in rats by the administration of testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg, S.C., in olive oil) for 4 weeks. MO (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), celecoxib (20 mg/kg), or M. oleifera (50 mg/kg) + celecoxib (20 mg…

Giugliano R et al, Antiviral Properties of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts against Respiratory Viruses. Viruses, 16, 1199. 2024-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a plant widely used for its beneficial properties both in medical & non-medical fields. Because they produce bioactive metabolites, plants are a major resource for drug discovery. In this study, two different cultivars of leaves of M. oleifera (Salento & Barletta) were obtained by maceration or microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). We demonstrated that extracts obtained by MAE exhibited a lower cytotoxic profile compared to…

Gupta SK et al: Retinoprotective effects of Moringa Oleifera via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, & antiangiogenic mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jl Oculi Pharmacol Ther. 29 :419–26. 2013.- Abstract: The present study was aimed to evaluate the Retinoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The study was continued for 24 weeks and evaluated for inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-a, & interleukin [IL]-1b, angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and protein kinase C [PKC]-b) & antioxidant (Glutathione, …

Jadhav SL et al, Chemistry & pharmacology of Moringa oleifera & Moringa concanescens Niro. Indian Drugs 37(3): 139-44.2000.

Goel E et al, Exploring the therapeutic role of Moringa oleifera in neurodegeneration: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & neuroprotective mechanisms, Inflammo-Pharmacol, 33(7):3653-3669. 2025-Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, & other cognitive impairment conditions in elderly are defined by progressive loss of neurons, based mostly on oxidative stress, long-term neuroinflammation, & compromised neuroplasticity. In the midst of increasing investigation for natural drugs, Moringa oleifera, a plant highly accepted for its high nutritional & phy…

Khalid S et al, Extraction & Quantification of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Extracts by HPLC & FTIR. Food Anal Methods, 16, 787–97, 2023-Abstract: lack of physical exercise; unhealthy eating habits; exposure to environmental pollutants, heavy metals, & food additives; & modern life style lead to oxidative stress. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage body cells & tissues & contribute to more risk of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, & cardiovascular impairments. Oxidative damage and chronic diseases can be prevented through the use of effective antioxidants. Mor…

Mahajan SG et al, Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam Against Inflammation Associated with Development of Arthritis in Rats, Jl of Immunotoxicology, 2007-Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the antiarthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOEE) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in adult female Wistar rats. During the experimental period, body weight, paw edema volume (primary lesion) & arthritic index (secondary lesion) was observed. On the 21st day, serum from each animal was used for estimation of R…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part I. Jl of the Indian Institute of Science, 34: 219-27. 1952.

Hameed-Un-Nisa L et al, Measurement of sympatholytic activity of Moringa oleifera. New Trends in Nat Prod Chem, 6th Inter Symposium,269-77. Harwood Amsterdam. 1998.

Imran I et al, In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera & Morus Alba against the foot & mouth disease virus on BHK-21 cell line, Sci Asia, 42(6):392, 2016-Abstract: Three local Pakistani plants Azadirachta indica (AI), Moringa oleifera (MO) & Morus Alba (MA) are reported to possess antiviral activity against DNA & RNA viruses. In the present study ethanolic leaf extracts of these plants were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney) cell line & antiviral activity against FMD virus by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylth…

Khalafalla MM et al Active principle from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves effective against two leukemias & a hepatocarcinoma. Afr Jl Biotechnol. 9:8467–71. 2010-Abstract: The present study was aimed at developing an efficient protocol for callus induction from the leaves of Moringa oleifera & to investigate its crude extract antileukemia activity on leukemia cells. Several secondary metabolites are present in M. oleifera as the plant serves as reservoirs for various bioactive compounds. Callus cultures of M. oleifera were induced from leaf explants incubated on MS medium supplemented with diff…

Herman-Lara E et al, In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activity & Bioaccessibility of Ethanolic Extracts from Mexican Moringa oleifera Leaf. Foods, 13, 2709. 2024-Abstract: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, & bioaccessibility of Moringa oleiferaethanolic extracts using pressurized liquid extraction with varying ethanol concentrations (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) in water–ethanol mixtures. Quercetin derivatives & neochlorogenic acid were identified as major compounds via high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The 7…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part VI. Mechanism of antibacterial action of pterygospermin inhibition of transaminase by pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 115-23. 1954.

Johnson BC, Clinical perspectives on the health effects of Moringa oleifera: A promising adjunct for balanced nutrition & better health. KOS Health Publications, 1-5.2005.

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part IV. The effect of addition of vitamins & amino acids on the antibacterial activity of pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 101-7. 1954.

Kar A et al, Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 84(1): 105-8. 2003.

LIGIO S et al, Comparative Analysis of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Ethanolic Extracts: Effects of Extraction Methods on Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, & In Ovo Profile, Plants (Basel), 14(11):1653. 2025-Abstract: A comparative evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam. ethanolic leaf extracts was performed using different extraction methods (maceration or ultrasound-assisted) and the qualitative & quantitative profile of the bioactive compounds contained were further assessed. The antioxidant potential & antimicrobial activity were evaluated, as well as the antiangiogenic effects thr…

Krishnamurthy PT et al, Identification & characterization of a potent anticancer fraction from the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera L. Indian Jl Exp Biol. 2015; 53(2):98-103.-Abstract: Anticancer potential of Moringa oleifera L. extracts have been well established. However, there are no reports on the isolated molecules/fractions from these extracts which are responsible for the anticancer/cytotoxic activity. Thus, in the present study, we explored the same. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol extracts of the M. oleifera leaves & 15 fractions (F1 to F15) of ethyl acetate extr…

Lea MA et al, 5439: Inhibition of growth & induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) & drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Cancer Res, 2012; 72(8)-7445.AM2012-5439- Abstract: In previous studies we have observed that several polyphenolic molecules can inhibit growth & induce the synthesis of differentiation markers in colon cancer cells. In the present work we have sought to determine if similar activity can be observed with methanolic & ethanolic extracts from okra & drumstick. In AE phenolic molecules & antioxidant activity were associated…

Kaur G et al. Evaluation of the antidepressant activity of Moringa oleifera alone & in combination with fluoxetine. Jl. Ayur Integr. Med., 6: 273-9, 2015-Abstract: The prevalence of mental depression has increased in recent years & has become a serious health problem in most countries of the world, including India. Due to the high cost of antidepressant synthetic drugs & their accompanying side effects, the discovery of safer antidepressant herbal remedies is on the rise. Moringa oleifera (MO) (drumstick) has been used in traditional folk medicine & in Ayurveda, it is considered as a valuab…

KHOR KANG ZI, THE ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACTS & SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN LEUKEMIA KASUMI-1 CELLS UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA, THESIS, 2020-ABSTRACT: Moringa oleifera, also commonly known as ‘moringa’, is widely cultivated in tropical & subtropical regions across the globe. All parts of the moringa tree can be utilised & extensive studies have shown that various parts of the MO tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential MO leaf extracts & silver nanoparticles synthesised from MO leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells. Dr…

Kurup PA et al, Antibiotic principle from Moringa pterygosperma. Part II. Chemical nature of pterygospermin. Indian Jl of Med Res, 42: 85-95. 1065.

LIGA S et al, Comparative Analysis of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Ethanolic Extracts: Effects of Extraction Methods on Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, & In Ovo Profile, Plants, 14(11):1653, 2022-Abstract: A comparative evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam. ethanolic leaf extracts was performed using different extraction methods (maceration or ultrasound-assisted) & the qualitative & quantitative profile of the bioactive compounds contained were further assessed. The antioxidant potential & antimicrobial activity were evaluated, as well as the antiangiogenic effects through in Ovo…

Kumar G et al. Multifacetted applications of different parts of Moringa species: Review of present status & future potentials. Int Jl Chem Stud 2019; 7 (2): 835-842.

Leuck M et al, Synthesis of active principles from the leaves of Moringa oleifera using S-pent-4-enyl thioglycosides. Carbohydrate Res, 312(1-2): 33-44. 1998.

Leone A et al, Moringa oleifera Seeds & Oil: Characteristics & Uses for Human Health. Int Jl Mol Sci. 2016; 17(12). Pii: E2141-Abstract: Moringa oleifera seeds are a promising resource for food & non-food applications, due to their content of monounsaturated fatty acids with a high monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid (MUFA/SFA) ratio, sterols & tocopherols, as well as proteins rich in sulfated amino acids. The rapid growth of Moringa trees in subtropical and tropical areas, even under conditions of prolonged drought, makes this plant a reliable resource to enhance the nutritional status of…

Abo-Elsoud RAE et al, Moringa oleifera alcoholic extract protected stomach from bisphenol A–induced gastric ulcer in rats via its anti-oxidant & anti-inflammatory activities, Environ Sci & Pollution Res, 29 :68830-41, 2022-Abstract This study evaluated the protective potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf alcoholic extract (MOLE) against bisphenol A (BPA)-induced stomach ulceration & inflammation in rats. Control rats received olive oil. Second group administered MOLE (200 mg/kg bwt) by oral gavage. Third group was given BPA (50 mg/ kg bwt) for 4 weeks. Fourth group administrated BPA & MOLE si…

Enerijiofi KE et al, GC–MS Analysis & Antibacterial Activities of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Selected Clinical Bacterial Isolates. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. 45, 179., 2021-Abstract: Man has a long history of utilizing herbal preparations to treat infections. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the quantitative phytochemical components, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, & the antibacterial properties of the aqueous & ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera on some clinical bacterial isolates. Results : Aqueous & ethanol extractions from MO yielded 40.75% & 62.87%, r…

Ndovu SS et al, Moringa oleifera Lam Leaf Extract Stimulates NRF2 & Attenuates ARV-Induced Toxicity in Human Liver Cells (HepG2), Plants, 1(7):1541, 2023-Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there are 37 million individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, with the majority in South Africa. This chronic disease is managed by the effective use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. However, with prolonged use, ARV drug-induced toxicity remains a clinically complex problem. This study investigated the toxicity of ARV drugs on mitochondria & the NRF2…

FIKRIANSYAH F et al,, Cardioprotective Effect of Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats, Indonesian Jl of Cancer Chemoprevention,  6(2):53, 2017-ABSTRACT: The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side effects. One of that is cardiotoxicity by inducing the expression of nitric oxide synthase which may release nitric oxide (NO) resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac. DOX needs to be combined with antioxidant since it could suppress ROS in the cardiac & reduce cardiomyopa…

Metwally MF et al, Molecular mechanisms of the Antiobesity potential effect of Moringa oleifera in the experimental model, Asian Pacific Jl of Trop Biomed, 7(3): 214-21, 2017.-Abstract: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the potent anti-obesity effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) ethanolic extract and to clarify the link between these mechanisms & the associated metabolic & vascular risks in the experimental model of visceral obesity. Methods: M. oleifera ethanolic extract was orally administered at 600 mg/kg body weight in obese female rats daily for 12 weeks. At the end of…

Abidin Z et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, & Growth in White leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), Planls (Basel), 12(1):42. 2021-Abstract: Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a MO water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, & growth performance of white leg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different…

MIRZA M et al, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF INDIGENOUS DIURETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS Citrullus vulgaris Schrad, Cucumis melo Linn, Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Moringa oleifera Lam, Raphanus sativus Linn & Zea mays Linn. Pak Jl of Pharmacol, 20 :1, 2003, 9-16-Abstract: Six indigenous medicinal plants have been selected for the physico-chemical studies. These plants belong to Gramineae, Cucurbitaceae, Cruciferae & Moringaceae families. Colour, taste, pH, density, viscosity, refractive index, specific gravity & optical rotation have been studied in hot water extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC)…

Helmy SA et al, Hypolipidemic Effect of Moringa Oleifera Lam Leaf Powder & Its Extract in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats, Jl Med Food, 20(8) :755-62. 2017-Abstract: Moringa oleifera possess some potential medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of M. oleifera leaf powder & its extract against hyperlipidemia in rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into six groups. The first group was fed on a basal diet that served as a negative control, whereas the others were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) containing moringa leaf powder at 0.737% or 1.475% or…

Fakurazi S et al, Moringa Oleifera Lam prevents acetaminophen induced liver injury through restoration of glutathione level. Food Chem Toxicology. 2008 ;46(8):2611-5-Abstract: Initiation of acetaminophen (APAP) toxicities is believed to be promoted by oxidative stress during the event of overdosage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of Moringa Oleifera Lam (MO), an Asian plant of high medicinal value, against a single high dose of APAP. Groups of five male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-administered with MO (200 & 800 mg/kg) prior to a single dose of APA…

Edeogu et al, Nephroprotective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, & Antiapoptotic Pathways, Jl Am Coll Nutr, 39(4):307-315.2020-Abstrac: Gentamicin is an efficacious aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative bacteria infections. However, its specific non-targeted induction of nephrotoxicity is a worrying clinical challenge. The study explored the nephroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOO) against gentamicin-induced oxidative nephrotoxic…

Manogna C et al, in silico & pharmacokinetic studies of glucomoringin from Moringa oleifera root for Alzheimer's disease like pathology, Future Sci, 2024-Abstract: the aim of this research is to investigate the potential of glucomoringin, derived from Moringa oleifera, as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease through in silico analysis. Materials & methods: This study employs in silico or computational methodologies, including pkCSM, Swiss ADME, OSIRIS® property explorer, PASS online web resource & MOLINSPIRATION® software, to predict the pharmacokinetic characteristics & biological a…

Mohamed NB et al, Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract ameliorates lead-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Asian Pac Jl Trop Biomed,10 :263-7, 2020-Abstract: To evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract as an adjunct treatment on lead acetate induced hepato- nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Methods: Thirty-six male New Zealand White rabbits were assigned into two main groups. The first group (14 rabbits) served as normal control. The second group (22 rabbits) was administered orally with lead acetate at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. At the 4th and the…

Zhang J et al, In vitro induction & characterisation of tetraploid drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Open Life Sci. 2020;15:840–847-2020-0087-Abstract: The drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) has a range of potential commercial uses, as the vegetative organs have high nutritional, medicinal, and feed values. In the present study, in vitrotetraploidisation in drumstick tree was performed by treating leaf segments with colchicine and subsequently verifying the ploidy levels. For polyploidization, explant survival and regeneration rates were affected more by exposure time than by colch…

Mahmoud HK et al, Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaves extract reduces the impacts of sub-lethal fipronil in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Sci Rep, 12(1):21748, 2022-Abstract: This study assessed the restorative dietary effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves extract against the negative impacts of sub-lethal fipronil (FIP) toxicity in Nile tilapia. To achieve this purpose, the growth, body composition, haemato-biochemical measurements, serum immunity, and antioxidant condition of Nile tilapia have been examined. Fish were arranged into 6 experimental groups in quadru…

Mostafa-Hedeab G et al, Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Ethanolic Extract Lessens Acrylamide-Induced Testicular Damage, Apoptosis, & Steroidogenesis-Related Gene Dysregulation in Adult Rats, Antioxidant, 12:2, 2002-Abstract:This study assessed the possible protective role of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MO-ZNPs) in acrylamide (ACR)-induced reproductive dysfunctions in male rats. ACR (20 mg/kg b.wt/day) and/or MO-ZNPs (10 mg/kg b.wt/day) were given orally by gastric gavage for 60 days. Then, sperm parameters…

Neem S, Effect of Soybean, Virgin Coconut & Moringa oleifera Seed Oils on the Propylthiouracil Induced Hypothyroidism in Rats, Semantic Scholars, 2019-Abstract: This study investigated the possible effect of soybean, Virgin coconut & Moringa oleifera seed oils for 8 weeks on Propylthiouracil (PTU) induced hypothyroidism in rats. Thirty-five male albino rats were divided into two main groups; Group (I) (7 rats) was fed only basal diet & served as a negative control group. Group (II) (28 rats) were injected with (10 mg / kg / day PTU) for 15 days to cause hypothyroidism, then divided into 4 s…

Bakre AG et al. Studies on Neuropharmacological profile of ethanol extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves in mice. Jl Ethnopharmacol 149:783-9, 2013.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae), commonly called Horseradish or tree of life, is traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy & neurologic conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study is to investigate the Neurobehavioral & anticonvulsant properties of the ethanol extract from the leaves of M oleifera. MATERIALS & METHODS: Neurobehavioral properties were evaluated using the open field, Hole board, Y-maze, elevated …

El Din Gomaa E et al, In Vitro Screening for Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Seed Extracts, Inter Jl of Biotechnol for Wellness Industries, 2016, 5, 142-52-Abstract: Phytochemical screening (saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols & glycosides) of four medicinal plant seeds (Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis, Moringa oleifera & Datura metel) extracted by aqueous, ethanol & Folch solvents, were examined for their antimicrobial activity against three types of plant pathogenic fungi namely; Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum & Rhizoctonia solani, in add…

Jung IL et al, Soluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves with a new anticancer activity. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4): e95492.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera has been regarded as a food substance since ancient times and has also been used as a treatment for many diseases. Recently, various therapeutic effects of M. oleifera such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic & antioxidant effects have been investigated; however, most of these studies described only simple biological phenomena & their chemical compositions. Due to the increasing attention on natural products, such as t…

Luo X et al, The Therapeutic Effect & the Potential Mechanism of Flavonoids & Phenolics of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves against Hyperuricemia Mice Mol, 27(23):8237, 2022-Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect & clarify the possible mechanisms of flavonoids & phenolics of MOL (MOL-FP) in mice. Hyperuricemia mice were generated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of potassium oxonate (PO) & oral gavage (p.o.) of hypoxanthine (HX). Serum uric acid (UA), weight, serum XO activity, hepatic XO activity, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), serum AST l…

Cabardo D et al, Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous & ethanolic extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs & third stage larvae, Int Jl Vet Sci Med. 2017; 5(1): 30–4-Abstract: Haemonchus contortus is one of the prevalent and pathogenic ruminant parasites that has grown resistance to common anthelmintic treatment. This study evaluated the anthelmintic potential of Moringa oleifera seed ethanolic & aqueous extracts against H. contortus eggs & infective stage larvae (L3s). The efficacy of five extract concentrations (0.95, 1.95, 3.9, 7.8, & 15.6 mg/mL) were tested through e…

TALHA E. The use of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets. Turkish Jl of Vet & Animal Sciences. 37: 492 - 6. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1211-40, 2013.

SHEKARABI D et al, Evaluation of Apoptosis & Caspase-3 Activity in EL4 Cell Line Lymphoma Using Moringa Oleifera Plant Extract, Raz Inst, 80(1):37-50. 2025-Abstract: Lymphoproliferative disorders are a group of hematological malignancies involving the proliferation of lymphocytes. These neoplasms are generally classified into three distinct groups: lymphoma, leukemia, & plasma cell tumors. Among these, lymphomas are among the most prevalent types of malignant tumors in veterinary medicine. These neoplasms exhibit a high prevalence rate in dogs & cats afflicted with diseases such as FeLV. In…

FOMBANG EN et al, optimizing extraction of antioxidants from roasted Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves using response surface methodology, Jl OF FOOD PRECESS & PRESERVATION, 2020-ABSTRACT: Optimal conditions for alcoholic extraction of antioxidants from roasted leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. were determined using response surface methodology & the phenolic profile of optimised extract determined by HPLC-PDA. The experimental results adequately fitted the second-order polynomial models as indicated by regression coefficient (.90–.95), lack-of-fit >.05, & absolute deviation .01–.04). Using multip…

Nayak G et al, Sperm Abnormalities Induced by Prepubertal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Are Effectively Mitigated by Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract, Andrologia, 48(2) :125-36, 2016-Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is a medicinal plant with potential antioxidant property. This study was aimed at investigating the chemoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity. Two-week-old male Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate-buffered saline, 50 mg kg (-1) of CP &25 mg kg (-1) of MOE. In combination treatment, mic…

Mahajan SG al, Inhibitory Action of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Moringa oleifera-Lam on Systemic & Local Anaphylaxis. Jl Immunotoxicology. 2007; 4(4):287-94.-Abstract: The current study characterizes the mechanism by which the seed extract of Moringa oleifera decreases the mast cell-mediated immediate type hypersensitivity reaction. The immediate type hypersensitivity reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Moringa oleifera, a shrub widely used in the traditional medicine in India, has been reported to possess anti-cancer, hypotensive, anti-art…

Bakare MA et al, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica & Moringa oleifera on Helicobacter Pylori Isolated from Ulcer Patients in Ondo State, Nigeria, Inter Jl of Biomed Materials Res, 7 (1,): 61-6, 2019-Abstract: Antimicrobial activities of Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica & Moringa oleifera on Helicobacter pylori isolated from ulcer patients in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated. Hot water, cold water & two organic solvents (Pet ether & Ethanol) were used for the extraction with the highest yield being the ethanolic extracts of C papaya with 17.2%, …

Patintingan CG et al, Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Its Mitochondrial Biogenesis Modulatory Activity in Rats, Exp Pharmacol, 26:15:307-319. 2013- Background: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline class of anticancer, is an effective chemotherapeutic agent with serious adverse effects, mainly cardiotoxicity. Several possible causes of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity are increased oxidative stress, nucleic acid & protein synthesis inhibition, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, & mitochondrial biogenesis disruptions. Moringa oleifera (MO), a naturally derived medi…

Onasanwo S et al, Moringa oleifera–supplemented diet maintains gastric brain tissue structural integrity, hematopoietic system, & neurobehavior in Wistar Rats, Semantic Scholars, 2022-Abstract: Moringa oleifera has been studied to possess numerous phytochemicals. However, the combined effect of supplementation with MO diet on brain & gastric tissue maintenance and the hematopoietic system is lacking. In addition, food supplementation with vegetable rich in antioxidants has been found to reduce inflammation in the body by boosting the body’s endogenous antioxidant system. However, the impact…

Jung IL et al, A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Oncol Lett. 2015; 10(3): 1597–604.-Abstract: It has previously been reported that cold water-extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf have anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines, including non-small cell lung cancer. In the present study, the anticancer activity of M. oleifera leaf extracts were investigated in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. By the analysis of apoptotic signals, including the induction of caspase …

HUSSEIN J et al, Moringa oleifera leaves extract loaded gold nanoparticles offers a promising approach in protecting against experimental nephrotoxicity, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediate, 170:106800.2024-ABSTRACT: Cisplatin is one of the most important antitumor drugs, however; it has numerous adverse effects like nephrotoxicity which is considered one of cisplatin uses. The study was planned to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of MO leaves extract loaded gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Initially, total phenolic contents (TPC) & the antiox…

Bharali R et al, Chemo modulatory effect of Moringa oleifera-Lam, on hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant parameters & skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asian Pacific Jl of Cancer Prevention 4: 131-9, 2003-Abstract: The modulatory effects of a hydro-alcoholic extract of drumsticks of Moringa oleifera at doses of 125 mg/kg bodyweight & 250 mg/ kg body weight for 7 & 14 days, respectively, were investigated with reference to drug metabolizing Phase I (Cytochrome b (5) & Cytochrome p (450) ) & Phase II (Glutathione-S- transferase) enzymes, anti-oxidant enzymes, glutathione content…

Oluewu MM et al, Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Moringa oleifera Leaves from Selected Countries. Int. Jl Biochem. Res. Rev. 33, 164–75. 2024-Abstract: This study aimed to determine the Antioxidant Activities of methanolic & ethanolic extracts of five varieties of Moringa leaves from Nigeria, Ghana, Haiti, India, & USA.  The leaves were extracted using aqueous methanol & ethanol. 2, 2, -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), & Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were then determined.  Results indicated the…

Julfikar-Hossain S et al, Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol & Lipophilic Extracts of Common Fruity Vegetables in Bangladesh, Int Jl of Food Prop, 17 :9, 2014-Abstract: The amount of phenolics, flavonoids, & anthocyanins in ethanol extracts & antioxidant activity of both ethanol & lipophilic extracts of common fruity vegetables in Bangladesh were studied. Among the ethanol extracts of 15 fruity vegetables, M. oleifera had the highest total polyphenol content (85.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) followed by L. acutangula (61.74 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) & A. esculentus (48.92 …

Sasidharan VK et al, Antimicrobial Activity of Nine Common Plants in Kerala, India, Pharm Jl Sci, 1:127, 1998-Abstract: Nine common plants, namely, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., Leucas indica (L.) Vatka, Murraya Koenigii (L.) Spreng., Tamarindus indica (L.), Pachyptera alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry, Eupatorium odoratum (L.), Moringa oleifera (Lamk.), Cinnamomum verum (Preal) & Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. which are indigenously used in Kerala, India for curing various infections were tested against a fungus (Aspergillus niger) and gram positive and negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus & Esc…

SHALLANGW AGA et al, IN-VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF Moringa oleifera, Thymus vulgaris & THEIR 1:1 EXTRACT BLEND ON PROTEIN DENATURATION, UW Trends in Sci a Techno J, 1(2) :436(41, 2012.-Abstract: Moringa oleifera & Thymus vulgaris are well known and widely used herbs, which contains several interesting bioactive constituents & possesses Health promoting properties. The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of M oleifera & T vulgaris & a 1 :1 blend of the two extracts against the denaturati…

Setyani W et al, Flavonoid from Moringa oleifera leaves revisited: A review article on in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity, Jl Adv Pharm Technol Res, 14(4):283-8, 2023-Abstract:  Moringa oleifera leaf is a widely used and scientifically proven herbal medicine to treat DM. The demand for the development of new drugs has prompted in vitro, in vivo, & in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the types of flavonoid & nonflavonoid compounds that have antidiabetic activity in ins…

Sagala Z et al, Uji penetapan Kadar total fenolik dan nilai SPF (sun protection factor) Ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.). Ind Nat Res Pharm J. 2021;6(2):43-50-Abstract: Sinar surya yang dipancarkan oleh matahari dapat membahayakan kulit apabila frekuensi paparannya lama dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi. Sinar UV dapat menimbulkan efek buruk terhadap kulit mulai seperti pigmentasi, kemerahan bahkan hingga kanker kulit. Tabir surya diukur dalam faktor proteksi sinar, nilai proteksi ini digunakan untuk mengetahui jumlah kemampuan produk tabir surya yang dapat menyerap, mengha…

Oliveira Peixoto JR et al, in vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous & ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts, Asian Pacific Jl of Trop Med, 4(3,) :201-4, 2011.-Abstract: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of aqueous & ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts on the growth of gram-positive & negative bacteria. Methods: Paper disks were soaked with 100, 200, 300 & 400 μL of extract at 20 g/180 mL & 10 g/190 mL. All extracts were tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Salm…

Xiao X et al, Moringa oleifera Lam & its Therapeutic Effects in Immune Disorders, Frontiers in Pharmacol, 11:5066783, 2020-Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam., a plant native to tropical forests of India, is characterized by its versatile application as a food additive & supplement therapy. Accumulating evidence shows that MO plays a critical role in immune-related diseases. In this review, we cover the history, constituents, edibility, & general medicinal value of MO. The effects of MO in treating immune disorders are discussed in detail. MO can not only eliminate pathogens, including bacteria…

Ramírez-Acosta M et al, Inclusion of the Moringa oleifera leaf on immunological constants in broiler chickens, DOI: 10.21929/abavet2018.83.4 2018-Abstract: Moringa oleifera has acquired great importance as a nutritional supplement & medicinal plant; therefore, it could represent an alternative as an immune stimulant. The effects of the inclusion of the M. oleifera leaf on the immunological constants of broiler chickens were evaluated. 180 chickens (females) Cobb genetic line were used, distributed in 3 treatments: Control, M10, & M20. Intestinal morphometry & the content of Ig-Y were determ…

Zhang B et al, The effect of Moringa oleifera polysaccharides on the regulation of glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis: In vitro & in vivo, Arabian Jl of Chem, 15:1, 2022-Abstract:one of the common challenges in using glucocorticoid in the long term is the development of femoral head necrosis. To address this challenge, the use of glucocorticoid suppressors like plant polysaccharides has been considered. In this study, Moringa oleifera polysaccharide was isolated through hot water–ethanol precipitation method & purified by DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column. Then, they were characteri…

Abankwa JK et al, Antioxidant & antiprostate cancer activities of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus & Carica papaya, HSI, Health Sci Inv., 2020-Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test for antioxidant & antiprostate cancer activities of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus & Carica papaya. Methods: Plants parts used were air-dried, ground & sequentially extracted using solvents with increasing order of polarity (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol & aqueous). The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, Folin Ciocalteu method & tetrazolium-based calorimetric a…

Madsen M et al, Effect of water coagulation by seeds of Moringa oleifera on bacterial concentrations. Jl of Trop Med & Hygiene, 90: 101-9.1987.

Abarikwu SO et al, Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Oil Against HgCl2-induced Hepato- & Nephrotoxicity in Rats, J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 28(4) :337-45.2017-Abstract: Various parts of the Moringa oleifera tree are widely accepted to have ameliorative effects against metal toxicity. In the present study, M. oleifera oil (MO) was tested against HgCl2-induced tissue pathologies & oxidative stress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered MO (1.798 mg/kg p.o.) or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body wt) alone or in combination (5 mg/kg HgCl2+1.798 mg/kg MO p.o.) three times per week for 21 days. A…

Rao KS et al Drumstick polysaccharide as pharmaceutical adjuvant. Indian Jl of Nat Products 9(1): 3-6. 1993.