Citron limon (Sitwon-frans) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Citron limon (Sitwon-frans, French lemon, limon, Citron-de-France) — family Rutacées.

Scientific synonyms : Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f., C limonum Risso, C medica f. limon (L.) Hiroë, Citrus medica var. limon L., C x limon var. bergamia (Risso) O C & K, C x limon var. limon (L.) Osbeck, C x limon var. limetta (Risso) O C & K.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 6 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 83 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Cancer; adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Boye A (2024)

     Excerpt limon) in preventive & curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), & liver histology were assessed.

   • According to Bhavsar SK (2007)

     Excerpt In the liver tissue, treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hence the lipid peroxidation, & raised the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) & catalase. fruits were evaluated for its effects on experimental liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride, & the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract was evaluated on HepG2 cell line.

   • According to Malacrida C.R (2012)

     Excerpt Oils extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon) & tangerine (Citrus reticulata) seeds were investigated.

   • According to Lamine M (2019)

     Excerpt limon, exhibiting the highest number of compounds (11 FAs), the highest total lipid amount (97.8%) & the highest content in term of PUFA (54.93%).

   • According to Raimondo S (2015)

     Excerpt By using an in vitro approach, we show that isolated nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation in different tumor cell lines, by activating a TRAIL- mediated apoptotic cell death. Our study identifies for the first time a fraction of vesicles from lemon juice (Citrus limon L.), obtained as a result of different ultracentrifugation, with density ranging from 1,15 to 1,19 g/ml & specific proteomic profile.

2. 2

   Liver disorders: normalisation of serum parameters: AST, ASAT, ALT, albumin, ALAT, SGOT, SGPT, total bilirubin, etc.

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Bhavsar SK (2007)

     Excerpt The ethanol extract normalized the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), & total & direct bilirubin, which were altered due to carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. In the liver tissue, treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hence the lipid peroxidation, & raised the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) & catalase.

   • According to Boye A (2024)

     Excerpt Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, & AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, & monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin & total protein compared to control rats. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), & liver histology were assessed.

   • According to Malacrida C.R (2012)

     Excerpt Oils extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon) & tangerine (Citrus reticulata) seeds were investigated.

   • According to Lamine M (2019)

     Excerpt limon, exhibiting the highest number of compounds (11 FAs), the highest total lipid amount (97.8%) & the highest content in term of PUFA (54.93%).

   • According to Mucci A (2013)

     Excerpt Flavedo, albedo, pulp, seeds, and oil gland content of lemon & citron were studied through HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, which was used directly on intact tissue specimens without any physicochemical manipulation.

3. 3

   Fungal infection: Candida glabrata

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Hamdan D (2013)

     Excerpt In addition, moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus capitis, Micrococcus luteus), one Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens), & yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis). The volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel & leaves of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (Citrus x limon) were investigated using GLC & GLC-MS (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy).

   • According to Gualdani R (2016)

     Excerpt Represented by limonin, the aglycones & glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic & insecticidal among others.

   • According to Lamine M (2019)

     Excerpt limon exhibited the highest antibacterial activities & C. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils from citrus species, as well as their antioxidant & antimicrobial activities.

   • According to Chaudhari S (2016)

     Excerpt The plant was found to possess significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, & hypolipidemic properties.

   • According to Otang W.M (2016)

     Excerpt limon for its antioxidant potential & antimicrobial efficacy agents against a panel of microbes implicated in skin diseases. Both extracts were active against Candida glabrata.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.