Citrus aurantium (Zoranj-anmè) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Citrus aurantium (Zoranj-anmè, Bitter orange, Bitter orange tree, Neroli, Orange amère, Bigaradier, Néroli) — family Rutacées.

Scientific synonyms : Aurantium x acre Mill., Aurantium x bigarella Poit. & Turpin, A x corniculatum Poit. & Turpin, A x corniculatum Mill., A x coronatum Poit. & Turpin, A x orientale Mill., A x sykvestre Pritz., Citrus x amare Linn, C x aurata Risso, C x benikoji Yu. Tanaka, C x bigaradia Loisel, C x calot Lag., C x communis Poit. & Turpin, C x dulcimedulla Pritz, C x dulcis Pers..

Recognised external sources linked to this monograph: TRAMIL and French Pharmacopoeia.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 11 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 138 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Liver disorders: cirrhosis, cholestasis, liver fibrosis; normalisation of serum parameters: ALT, AST, bilirubin, etc.

   Plant part used: Fruit peel.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Lim SH (2016)

     Excerpt To evaluate the possible protective effect of Citrus aurantium peel extract (CAE) against apoptosis in cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice. Mice were sacrificed & liver fibrosis was evaluated by serum & hepatic tissue biochemistry & liver histopathological examination.

   • According to Pallavi M (2021)

     Excerpt Altogether, lime & sour orange peel extracts were found to be effective against hyperlipidemic parameters such as TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, & TC/HDL-C & LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, & athrogenic index, in addition to the increased levels of HDL-C. Remarkably, lime peel extract followed by sour orange & orange at 500 mg kg-1 dose improved hepatic architecture to near normal with less deposition of fat globules & fewer sinusoids.

   • According to Hamedi A (2020)

     Excerpt Forty-eight hours after the last administration, serum & liver samples were prepared and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) & glutathione (GSH) were determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the essential oil from CA & lowers on liver health parameters in a laboratory animal model.

   • According to Ben-Hsouna A (2018)

     Excerpt The present study aimed (1) to investigate the chemical composition as well as the anti-inflammatory properties & in vitro antioxidant activity of Citrus aurantium peel essential oil (pEOCa) & (2) to evaluate its potential effect in vivo. p-EOCa in CCl4 treated rats alleviated hepatotoxicity as monitored by the improvement of hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers levels plasma biochemical parameters, & DNA molecule aspect.

   • According to Almakai WA (2021)

     Excerpt The CAEO is an essential oil extracted from Citrus aurantium flowers, have been studied in relation to liver damage done by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Following I/R, hepatic lipid peroxidation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was increased, though hepatic glutathione content was reduced, CAEO has ameliorated these changes.

2. 2

   Cancer: adjuvant treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma

   Plant part used: Fruit peel.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Goo L (2022)

     Excerpt We demonstrated its application for isolation of phenolic compounds with anti-proliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) from Citrus aurantium L.

   • According to Camardo L (2007)

     Excerpt The antiproliferative activity of fresh fruit juices extracted from Citrus sinensis (cv. myrtifolia , was evaluated against K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia), HL-60 (human leukemia) & MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines.

   • According to El-Kersh DM (2021)

     Excerpt The ethanolic extract of different varieties of citrus peels along with eight isolated flavonoids were screened against estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines besides normal cells for evaluating their safety profile. Overall, this study suggests an antitumor potential for naringenin, naringin & quercetin isolated from citrus peels in breast cancer via possible modulation of estrogen signaling & aromatase inhibition suggesting their use in pre- & post-menopausal breast cancer patients, respectively,.

   • According to Wang L (2014)

     Excerpt This review systematically summarized anticarcinogenic effect of citrus flavonoids in cancer therapy, together with the underlying important molecular mechanisms, in purpose of further exploring more effective use of citrus peel flavonoids. PMFs inhibit carcinogenesis by mechanisms like blocking the metastasis cascade, inhibition of cancer cell mobility in circulatory systems, proapoptosis, & antiangiogenesis.

   • According to Odeh F (2012)

     Excerpt In conclosion, CA peels Eos obviously reduced the cell viability & it might have cytotoxic effect against colorectal cancer cell line. Citrus essential oils (EOs) contain different terpens that have been shown to possess antitumor effects.

3. 3

   Post-menopausal vulvovaginitis

   Plant part used: Fruit peel.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Malleshappa P (2018)

     Excerpt The present study was contemplated to evaluate the anti-inflammatory & analgesic potentials in peels of some commercially grown Citrus fruits of South India viz, Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Orange (Citrus reticulata), Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium), Pomelo (Citrus grandis) & Citron (Citrus medica). The extracts obtained were screened for the presence of phytoconstituents by qualitative phytochemical analysis; the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts at 250 & 500mg/Kg body weight concentrations were assessed by in vivo Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model & in vitro HRBC membrane stabilization assay whereas Tail immersion & Hot plate methods have been used to evaluate their analgesic property.

   • According to Khodabakhsh P (n.d.)

     Excerpt The analgesic & anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus aurantium L. The analgesic activity of neroli was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy's hot plate methods, while acute & chronic anti-inflammatory effects were investigated by inflammatory paw edema in rat & the cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue model, respectively.

   • According to Almakai WA (2021)

     Excerpt The CAEO is an essential oil extracted from Citrus aurantium flowers, have been studied in relation to liver damage done by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). CAEO was found to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & anti-apoptotic properties that defend against I/R-induced hepatocellular damage.

   • According to Lai CS (2013)

     Excerpt These inhibitory effects were accompanied by mechanistic down-regulation of the protein levels of inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS & cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), metastasis (matrix metallopeptidase-2, MMP-2 & MMP-9), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), & proliferative molecules, as well as by the induction of apoptosis in prostate tumors. Our previous studies demonstrated that oral administration of Gold Lotion (GL), an extract of multiple varieties of citrus peels containing abundant flavonoids, including a large percentage of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), effectively suppressed azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic tumorigenesis.

   • According to Asghar-poor H (2024)

     Excerpt This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Citrus aurantium vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Citrus aurantium vaginal cream was administered to women diagnosed with vaginal atrophy (based on subjective symptoms of atrophy, descriptive evaluation of the vagina, vaginal pH measurement, & degree of vaginal maturation determined by vaginal smear) every night in the first two weeks & every other night for the second two weeks.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.