Diospyros kaki (Persimmon) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Diospyros kaki (Persimmon, Kaki) — family Ebénacées.

Scientific synonyms : Diospyros chinensis-Blume (nom. Nud.).

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 13 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 82 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Rheumatoid arthritis

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Direito R (2020)

     Excerpt The persimmon extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect given the significant reduction in both the edema volume & radiological alterations attributed to CIA in the bone. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a DK extract in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

   • According to Forouzanfar F (2024)

     Excerpt In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. These results suggest that DK extract caused an improvement in clinical signs of RA symptoms possibly through suppression of oxidative stress & inflammation.

   • According to Cho YH (2016)

     Excerpt Cho YH et al, Anti-inflammatory potential of quercetin-3-O-bêta-D-("2"-galloyl)-glucopyranoside & quercetin isolated from Diospyros kaki Calyx via suppression of MAP signaling molecules in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

   • According to Bawazeer S (2021)

     Excerpt The anti-inflammatory potential was measured by using the carrageenan-induced&d histamine-induced paw edema procedure, while the analgesic potential was determined using a hot plate analgesiometer. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, & sedative medicine is used with numerous side effects, including peptic ulcer, headache, addiction, & other complications.

   • According to Kim KA (2016)

     Excerpt in this study, the beneficial effects of the oral administration of ethanol extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) were tested on a mouse dry eye model induced by Benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Moreover, EEDK treatment inhibited the inflammatory response & corneal epithelial cell death in a BAC-induced murine dry eye model, and changes in squamous cells were inhibited.

2. 2

   Cancer: adjuvant treatment for prostate cancer

   Plant part used: Sheet.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Hong C (2023)

     Excerpt The major chemical constituents of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are flavonoids & triterpenoids, both of which are potential antioxidants that can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species & ameliorate diseases associated with oxidative stress. Experiments have shown that flavonoids or the extracts from the leaves of DK have a variety of good pharmacological activities, which could activate oxidative stress & mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells & induce apoptosis.

   • According to Jo KJ (2011)

     Excerpt Results from this study demonstrated that methanolic extracts of persimmon calyx (PCE) have cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells. Through MTT reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, morphological assay, and colony formation assay, highly cytotoxic effects were demonstrated in human cancer cells treated with various concentrations of PCE.

   • According to Lee WS (2015)

     Excerpt Lee WS et al A polysaccharide fraction from the leaves of Diospyros kaki (PLE0) has an antimetastatic effect by inhibiting MMP-2/9 via downregulation of NF-κB & AP-1 signaling in colon cancer, Inter Symposium & Annual Meeting, 2015.8, 405.

   • According to Forouzanfar F (2024)

     Excerpt In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) & superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated.

   • According to Park SB (2017)

     Excerpt Although it has been reported to contain high polyphenols, the pharmacological studies of the calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunb (DKC) have not been elucidated in detail. Methods: Anti-cell proliferative effect of 70% ethanol extracts from the calyx of D kaki (DKC-E70) was evaluated by MTT assay.

3. 3

   Oxidative stress

   Plant part used: Fruit.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Forouzanfar F (2024)

     Excerpt In the present study, the therapeutic effect of Diospyros kaki fruit hydroalcoholic extract (DFHE) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats was investigated. These results suggest that DK extract caused an improvement in clinical signs of RA symptoms possibly through suppression of oxidative stress & inflammation.

   • According to Kim L (2017)

     Excerpt The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ethanol (EAP) and acidic ethanol extracts (AEAP) of astringent Persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 epithelial cells. These results demonstrated that astringent Persimmon fruit extracts were biologically active, and that the tannin-rich fraction (AEAP) possesses stronger protective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells.

   • According to Hwang KA (2017)

     Excerpt Taken together, our results indicate that astringent Persimmon regulate cholesterol accumulation by inhibiting the oxidative stress and controlling the levels of LDL & HDL-associated gene. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of astringent Persimmon on antioxidant activity, cholesterol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity, and mRNA expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells).

   • According to Forouzanfar F (2016)

     Excerpt Diospyros kaki (Persimmon) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, & antineoplastic effects. Here, we used an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia & studied the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of peel (Pe HE) & fruit pulp (Pu HE) of Persimmon on cell viability & markers of oxidative damage mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glucose-oxygen-serum deprivation (GOSD) in PC12 cells.

   • According to Jang LC (2010)

     Excerpt This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities & the antigenotoxic effects of acetone, ethanol, methanol and water extracts from four different parts (calyx, seed, peel and flesh) of persimmon fruits. This study also showed that ethanol was more effective on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from persimmon compared to other solvents.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.