Panicum maximum (Zèb-Djinen) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Panicum maximum (Zèb-Djinen, Guinea grass, Herbe-de-Guinée) — family Poacées.

Scientific synonyms : Panicum scaberinum-L, P sparsum-Sch, P teff-D, P teprhosanthum H, Urochloa máxima-R-RD W.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 16 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 17 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Type II diabetes mellitus

   Plant part used: Sheet.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Okokon JE (2021)

     Excerpt Root extract of Panicum maximum is used in Ibibio traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including diabetes mellitus, malaria & gastrointestinal disorders. Ethanol root extract of Panicum maximum (137-547 mg/kg) was investigated for antiulcerogenic activity against indomethacin, ethanol & histamine-induced ulcers in overnight fasted wistar rats weighing 125-150 g.

   • According to Ikpeazu OV (2020)

     Excerpt Phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of Panicum maximum leaves were explored by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. 1(3,7)]d ecane, 1,2,2,3,4,4,6,6,8,8,9,9,10,10-tetradecafluoro-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)- , spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-[3H]indole]-2'-carboxy-o-toluidide, 7'-methyl-, 1,3,5- triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N',N''-bis(3-aminophenyl)-N,N-diphenyl-,4''- dehydroxy-2'',3',3'',4',5,6'',7-hepta-O-methylisoorientin, 9,10- anthracenedione, 1,4-bis[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)amino]- , l-valine, nheptafluorobutyryl-, heptadecyl ester, pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine, 4,8-di-manisidino-2,6-diethoxy- , 2,3,7,7,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine-8- one, 6-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2-formyl-4,6-dichlorophenyl ester, 2-hydroxyskatole, benzo[f]cyclopenta[a]quinolizine-6,7,7a,8,9,10(8H)- hexacarboxylic acid, 6,7-dihydro-, hexamethyl ester, ethyl 2-butyl-3- [[(ethoxy-carbonyl)-methyl-]amino] crotonate , quinoxaline, 2,3-dimethyl-, 4H-1- benzopyran-4-one, 5,6-bis(acetyloxy)-2-[3-(acetyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3,7- dimethoxy- It was concluded that the bioactive compounds support the use of PM leaves in the treatment of diseases like cancer, diabetes & hypertension.

   • According to Enin G (2023)

     Excerpt Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of diseases including diabetes was evaluated for its effect on alpha amylase & alpha glucosidase enzymes in vivo.

   • According to Okokon J (2010)

     Excerpt Antidiabetic activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Panicum maximum used in folkloric management of diabetes.The ethanolic leaf extract of Panicum maximum (47 – 190mg/kg) was evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan – induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Panicum maximum observed in this study confirms the folkloric use of these polyherbal remedies.

2. 2

   Fungal infection: Aspergillus tamari, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Candida albicans

   Plant part used: Floret.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Doherty Funmilayo (2012)

     Excerpt Leaf & floret extracts had significant antifungal activity with varing zones of inhibition on Aspergillus tamari, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger & Candida albican: isolated from patients with skin diseases. Ethanol extracts of leaf, stem & florets of Panicum maximum plant were investigated for antifungal activity by disc diffusion agar method.

   • According to Kanife UC (2012)

     Excerpt Leaf & floret extracts had significant antifungal activity with varing zones of inhibition on Aspergillus tamari, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger & Candida albican: isolated from patients with skin diseases. Ethanol extracts of leaf, stem & florets of Panicum maximum plant were investigated for antifungal activity by disc diffusion agar method.

   • According to Doss A (n.d.)

     Excerpt & Panicum maximum Jacq. Doss A et al, Evaluation of antibacterial properties of ethanol & flavonoids from Mimosa pudica Linn.

   • According to Ajoku GA (2015)

     Excerpt Ajoku GA et al, Foliar Ultra-Structure & Antimicrobial screening of the Leaf Extracts of Panicum maximum Jacq.

   • According to Author (2011)

     Excerpt The potential of alkaloids from Panicum maximum floret infected with the fungus Tilletia ayresii in the control of uterine contraction in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated using bioassay guided fractionation technique. Thirteen species of fungi were identified as fungi associated with smutted florets & out of these, Aspergillus niger, A.

3. 3

   Osteoarthritis, arthritis, rheumatism, oedema

   Plant part used: Root.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Obot D (2020)

     Excerpt The root crude extract (137 –547 mg/kg) of PM was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using various experimental models; carrageenan, egg albumin & xylene - induced edema models. Panicum maximum root is used routinely to treat ailments such as malaria, fever, pains & inflammatory diseases by traditional medicine practitioners.

   • According to Okokon JE (2011)

     Excerpt Anti-inflammatory & antipyretic activities of leaf extract of Panicum maximum were evaluated to ascertain the folkloric claim of its use in fevers and inflammatory conditions. The crude leaf extract (48 – 144 mg/kg) of Panicum maximum was investigated for anti-inflammatory & antipyretic activities using various experimental models.

   • According to Okokon J (2011)

     Excerpt Methods: The crude leaf extract (47-190 mg/kg) & fractions (chloroform, ethyl acqeous & methanol; 96 mg/kg) of Panicum maximum were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice & for analgesic activity against chemical & heat-induced pains. Conclusions: Panicum maximum leaf extract has antiplasmodial & analgesic activities which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.

   • According to Okokon J (2014)

     Excerpt These results suggest that the leaf extract/fractions of PM possess anticancer, immunomodulatory & antileishmanial activities & these justify its use in ethnomedicine to inflammatory diseases & microbial infections.

   • According to Okokon JE (2014)

     Excerpt Immunomodulatory, anticancer & antileishmanial activities of Panicum maximum.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.