Syzygium cumini (Black-breasted) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Syzygium cumini (Black-breasted, Prin-Java, Java plum, Jambolan, tété-nègrès, Sein-à-negresse, Prune de Java) — family Myrtacées.

Scientific synonyms : Eugenia caryophyllata-Lam, E. jambolana-Lam, E. cumini-(L)-Druce, Myrtus communis-L, Syzygium jambolanum-(Lam)-(DC.

Recognised external sources linked to this monograph: French Pharmacopoeia.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 35 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 160 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Diabetes-related gastric ulcer

   Plant part used: seed. Mentioned synergistic association: Acarbose.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Jonnalagadda A (2013)

     Excerpt The present study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of ethanolic extract of dried seed kernel of Syzygium cumini (200 mg/kg) & its comparative effect on gastric ulcération with standards Acarbose (5 mg/kg) an α-glucosidase inhibitor and natural standard Quercetin 50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg. It was concluded that S cumini along with Acarbose represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of Diabetes induced gastric ulcerogenic stimuli in type 2 diabetic patients.

   • According to Deepa J (2018)

     Excerpt To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of combined ethanolic extracts (1:1mixture) of dry leaves of Syzygium cumini & Psidium guajava belonging to the family Myrtaceae as well as to compare the anti-diabetic activity of these plants by in vitro methods .Methods: In vitro glucose uptake assay was performed on cultured L6 cell lines (rat myoblasts cell line) & estimated the glucose uptake using high sensitivity glucose oxidase kit. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase by the combined ethanolic extract (1:1 mixture) of S cumini & P guajava leaves at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml was 36.51 and it was 29.26 for Syzygium cumini and 23.43 for P guajava.

   • According to Bangar NS (2025)

     Excerpt This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effects of SC preparations (200C, 30C, & MT) on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) - nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways & mitochondrial dysfunction in mitigating diabetic nephropathy (DN). Result: In vivo experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with SC preparations exhibited improved biochemical parameters, preserved kidney function, & reduced glycation adduct formation in a dose-dependent manner.

   • According to ELHAWARY SSE (2022)

     Excerpt LC-HR-MS-coupled metabolic profiling of the methanol extracts from different parts of Syzygium cumini (L.), which was extensively identified via DNA fingerprinting, led to dereplication of 24 compounds. Interestingly, the extracts were significant against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the order of flowers > seeds > leaves with BGL level of 98.9 ± 4.3, 123.2 ± 4.9 and 132.8 ± 5.9 mg/dl, respectively.

   • According to APTE MM (2024)

     Excerpt Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC), an ancient medicinal plant, is used as a complementary & alternative medicine for treating diabetes mellitus & its associated complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Additionally, the non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation & products (AGEs) increases during hyperglycemia in diabetes.

2. 2

   Type II diabetes mellitus

   Plant part used: fruit. Mentioned synergistic association: Glimepiride.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to RAZA A (2017)

     Excerpt To evaluate the potential of both Jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed & fruit extracts against hyperglycemia. Purposely, Jamun fruit & seed's ethanolic extracts based diets were provided to normal and high sucrose diet induced hyperglycemic/diabetic rats for sixty days.

   • According to Daulatabad C.M.J (2006)

     Excerpt cumini bark, seeds, leaves and fruits are used in the treatment of diabetes, & various extracts have previously shown moderate antibacterial activity against Micrococcus pyogenes.

   • According to Kumar M (2022)

     Excerpt Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) is a nutritious fruit & has historically been used as both as an edible & a traditional medicine. This review paper discusses critically the phytochemical composition of SC seeds & the bioactivities, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, cardio & gastro-protective properties.

   • According to Yadav MM (2009)

     Excerpt The combination of most active extracts (200 mg/kg BW) & lower dose of glimepiride (5 mg/kg BW) showed safer & potent hypoglycemic as well as antihyperglycemic activities without creating severe hypoglycemia in normal rats, while higher doses (200 mg/kg bw of most active extracts, & 10 & 20 mg/kg bw of glimepiride) were generated lethal hypoglycemia in normal rats. In present study, we investigated hypoglycemic & antihyperglycemic potential of five extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, & chloroform) of four plants (i.e., seeds of Eugenia jambolana, fruits of Momordica charantia, leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, & seeds of Trigonella foenumgrecum) alone and/or in combination with glimepiride in rats.

   • According to Deepa J (2018)

     Excerpt To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of combined ethanolic extracts (1:1mixture) of dry leaves of Syzygium cumini & Psidium guajava belonging to the family Myrtaceae as well as to compare the anti-diabetic activity of these plants by in vitro methods .Methods: In vitro glucose uptake assay was performed on cultured L6 cell lines (rat myoblasts cell line) & estimated the glucose uptake using high sensitivity glucose oxidase kit. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase by the combined ethanolic extract (1:1 mixture) of S cumini & P guajava leaves at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml was 36.51 and it was 29.26 for Syzygium cumini and 23.43 for P guajava.

3. 3

   Cataract (associated with type II diabetes mellitus)

   Plant part used: leaf.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Deepa J (2018)

     Excerpt To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of combined ethanolic extracts (1:1mixture) of dry leaves of Syzygium cumini & Psidium guajava belonging to the family Myrtaceae as well as to compare the anti-diabetic activity of these plants by in vitro methods .Methods: In vitro glucose uptake assay was performed on cultured L6 cell lines (rat myoblasts cell line) & estimated the glucose uptake using high sensitivity glucose oxidase kit. The percentage inhibition of alpha amylase by the combined ethanolic extract (1:1 mixture) of S cumini & P guajava leaves at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml was 36.51 and it was 29.26 for Syzygium cumini and 23.43 for P guajava.

   • According to Jonnalagadda A (2013)

     Excerpt The study also investigated the combined effect of Syzygium cumini seed kernel extracts with oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetes induced ulcer. The present study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of ethanolic extract of dried seed kernel of Syzygium cumini (200 mg/kg) & its comparative effect on gastric ulcération with standards Acarbose (5 mg/kg) an α-glucosidase inhibitor and natural standard Quercetin 50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg.

   • According to Bangar NS (2025)

     Excerpt Result: In vivo experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with SC preparations exhibited improved biochemical parameters, preserved kidney function, & reduced glycation adduct formation in a dose-dependent manner. Materials & methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with SC preparations (200C, 30C, MT; 1:20 dilution in distilled water; 600 μL/kg body weight) & Metformin (45 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 40 days.

   • According to ELHAWARY SSE (2022)

     Excerpt LC-HR-MS-coupled metabolic profiling of the methanol extracts from different parts of Syzygium cumini (L.), which was extensively identified via DNA fingerprinting, led to dereplication of 24 compounds. Interestingly, the extracts were significant against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the order of flowers > seeds > leaves with BGL level of 98.9 ± 4.3, 123.2 ± 4.9 and 132.8 ± 5.9 mg/dl, respectively.

   • According to APTE MM (2024)

     Excerpt Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC), an ancient medicinal plant, is used as a complementary & alternative medicine for treating diabetes mellitus & its associated complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Additionally, the non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation & products (AGEs) increases during hyperglycemia in diabetes.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.