Abelmoschus esculentus (Gonbo) : vertus médicinales en extraction alcoolique

Karakoltsidis PA Okra seeds: A new protein source. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 23(6), 1204-7. 1975,

Huang CN et al, Abelmoschus esculentus subfractions attenuate Aβ & tau by regulating DPP-4 & insulin resistance signals, BMC Comp Med Ther, 20(1) :370, 2020-Abstract: Insulin resistance could be associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are beta amyloid (Aβ) produced from sequential cleavage initiated by β-secretase & degraded by insulin degradation enzyme (IDE), as well as hyperphosphorylation of tau (p-tau). Insulin action involves the cascades of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) & phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while phosphor…

Bandyukova V.A et al, A chemical investigation of the fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus. Jl of Chem & Nat Compounds. 23:376–7.1987,

Bates DM, Notes on the cultivated Malvaceae. 2, Abelmoschus. Baileya.16. 99-112, 1968,

Agbo A.E et al. Maturity degree of four okra fruit varieties & their nutrients composition. Electronic Jl of Food & Plant Chem. 5:1-4. 2008.

Lengsfeld C et al, Glycosylated Compounds from Okra Inhibit Adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to Human Gastric Mucosa, Jl Agric Food Chem, 52(6):1495-1503, 2004-Abstract: In Asian medicine the fruit of the okra plant, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench., is used as a mucilaginous food additive against gastric irritative & inflammative diseases. To find a rational basis for its use against these diseases, several crude & purified carbohydrates-containing fractions from immature okra fruits were isolated & analyzed, & their effects against Helicobacter pylori in an in-situ adhesion model on sec…

Al-Khalifa AEO et al, Development & Characterization of Novel Biopolymer Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Extract & Its Antidiabetic Potential, Mol, 26(12):3609. 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is an important vegetable crop, widely cultivated around the world due to its high nutritional significance along with several health benefits. Different parts of okra including its mucilage have been currently studied for its role in various therapeutic applications. Therefore, we aimed to develop & characterize the okra mucilage biopolymer (OMB) for its physicochemical properties…

Olorunnipa TA et al, Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra): An in vitro Study Clin Microbial 2:132 / doi: 10.4172/2327-5073.1000132,

Rao PS et al. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides & total fatty acid of rates in response to okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed oil. JL of the Am, Oil Chemist Association 68, 433. 1991.

Arachchige K et al, cardioprotective activity of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Int Jl of Food Sci Nutr, 3:39-43, 2018,

Umoh I et al, Chronic consumption of combined extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus & Piper guineense induced hepatoxicity in Wistar rats: Histopathological study, Int Jl Pharm Biomed Sci 2013, 4(2), 73-7,

Kalaran G et al, Antibacterial Effect of Abelmoschus Esculentus (Okra) Extracts on Dental Caries Derived Streptococcus Mutans. IOSR Jl of Dental & Med Sci, 2017; 16(4), Ver. II: 63-66-DOI: 10.9790/0853-1604026366,

Kundu BC et al. Anatomical characters for distinguishing Abelmoschus spp. & Hibiscus spp. Proc: Indian Scientific Congress, 60:295-8, 1973,

LI W et al, Effects of various degrees of esterification on antioxidant & immunostimulatory activities of okra pectic-polysaccharides, Front Nutr, 9:1025897, 2022-Abstract: ectic-polysaccharides are considered as one of the most abundant bioactive components in okra, which possess various promising health-promoting effects. However, the knowledge regarding the structure-bioactivity relationship of okra pectic-polysaccharides (OPP) is still limited. In this study, effects of various degrees of esterification (DEs) on in vitro antioxidant & immunostimulatory activities of OPP were analyzed. R…

El Khalifa AEO et al, Okra-derived dietary Carotenoid lutein against Breast Cancer, with an Approach towards Developing a Nutraceutical Product: A Meta-analysis Study, Jl of Pharmaceut Res Int, 33(40A):135-42, 2021-Abstract: Cancer chemoprevention with phytochemicals such as "lutein" derived from the vegetable okra could prove beneficial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of "lutein" against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) & to establish the possible development of lutein-based nutraceuticals. Methodology: A literature survey was performed using onli…

Monte LG et al, Lectin of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) promotes selective antitumor effects in human breast cancer cells, Biotechnol Lett. 2014, 36(3):461-9-Abstract: The anti-tumor effects of a newly-discovered lectin, isolated from okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (AEL), were investigated in human breast cancer (MCF7) & skin fibroblast (CCD-1059 Sk) cells. AEL induced significant cell growth inhibition (63 %) in MCF7 cells. The expression of pro-apoptotic caspase-3, caspase-9, and p21 genes was increased in MCF7 cells treated with AEL, compared to those treated with controls. In addition, AE…

Nesa ML et al. Antianxiety activities of the methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. seed in mice. Br Jl Pharm Res 2014; 4:849-60.

Solomon S et al, ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (FLOWERS) AGAINST HUMAN LIVER CANCER, Inter Jl of Pharm & Biol Sci, 6(3: 154-7; 2016.-Abstract: The present study has been performed experimentally by in vitro method to examine the anti-cancer activity of flowers of Abelmoschus esculentus. The report on to the research reveals a significant anti-cancer activity at different concentrations of the sample solution. The flowers of A esculentus was tested for its anti-cancer activity against liver cancer HePG2 cell line by MTT assay. The CTC50 value of the sample was 444.22µg/ml aga…

Borssum W et al, Malaysian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14(1): 1-251 Charrier, A. (1984). Genetic resources of the genus Abelmoschus Med. (Okra). Inter Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy. 1996,

Wahyuningsih SP et al, Protective Effect of Red Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Pods against Sodium Nitrite-Induced Liver, 2021-Abstract:Vegetables, drinking water, & preserved meats may contain sodium nitrite (NaNO2), which causes liver disease by inducing oxidative stress. Phytochemicals are highly recommended as an alternative to synthetic drugs & affordable medicines to treat liver disease because they have fewer or no side effects. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antioxidant & hepatoprotective potential of red okra fruit ethanol extract against NaNO2-induced live…

Dugani AM et al, Effects of the aqueous extract from Abelmoschus esculentus L peel on hyperglycemia & hyperlipidemia induced by dexamethasone in rats, Libyan Int Med Univ Jl, 2018; 3: 3-7,

Kumar R et al, Evaluation of disintegrating properties of Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage, Inter Jl of Pharm-Tech Res, 2009; 1(2): 241-6,

Dantas TL et al, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as a Potential Functional Food Source of Mucilage & Bioactive Compounds with Technological Applications & Health Benefits, Plants, 10(8):1683, 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus has fruit popularly known as okra and belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is commonly used in cooking but also in traditional medicine in the treatment of worms, dysentery, inflammation, & also irritation of the stomach, intestines, & kidneys, as it is a potential functional food. Its mucilage is a highly viscous polysaccharide that is mostly composed of monosacch…

Ortaç D et al, in vivo anti-ulcerogenic effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions, Pharmaceut Biol, 56 :1, 2018 Abstract:  Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) (Malvaceae), is a medicinal plant widely used in Turkish traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as ulcers & gastritis. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effect of okra against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in animal models. Materials & methods: Wistar rats were treated with 500, 250 or 100 mg/kg okra; 20 mg/kg famotidi…

Ameena K et al, Isolation of the mucilages from Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis Linn. & Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.) & Studies of the binding effects of the mucilages, Asian Pacific Jl of Trop Med, 3(7): 539-43. 2010,

Adelakun OE. et al, Potential use of okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) flour for food fortification & effects of processing. In: Preedy V.R., editors. Flour & Breads & Their Fortification in Health & Disease Prevention. 1st ed. Academic Press; London, UK: 2011. 205–12.

El Khalifa AEO et al, Development & Characterization of Novel Biopolymer Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Extract & Its Antidiabetic Potential, Molecules, 26:3609, 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is an important vegetable crop, widely cultivated around the world due to its high nutritional significance along with several health benefits. Different parts of okra including its mucilage have been currently studied for its role in various therapeutic applications. Therefore, we aimed to develop & characterize the okra mucilage biopolymer (OMB) for its physicochemical properti…

Yapo Assi O et al, Characterization of the Mucilages of Four Food Plants, Abelmoschus esculentus, Beilschmiedia mannii, Corchorus olitorius, & Irvingia gabonensis, from Côte d’lvoire Biotechnol Jl Inter, 2017; 19(2): 1-10-Abstract:  The objective of this work is to characterize the mucilage of food plants from Côte d’Ivoire. Study Design: Mucilage food plants edible parts were dried; mucilage was extracted and Physicochemical & nutritive constituent content have been evaluated. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Laboratory of Biochemistry & Food Sciences, Biosciences Unit…

Noorlaila A et al, Emulsifying properties of extracted Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) mucilage of different maturity index & its application in coconut milk emulsion, Inter Food Res J, 2015; 22(2):782-7,

LIAO Z et al, the anti-nephritic activity of a polysaccharide from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) via modulation of AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α signaling axis mediated anti-oxidative in type 2 diabetes model mice, Jl Biol Macromol, 140:568-576. 2019-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) with high morbidity & mortality is one of the most severe diabetes complications & affects nearly one-third of people with diabetes. Our present experiment was designed to assess the potential therapeutic of a polysaccharide purified from okra (OP) on DN in high-fat diet-fed & streptozotocin (STZ)-induced dia…

Luo Y et al, The Protective Effect of the Total Flavonoids of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Flowers on Transient Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Is due to Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway, Oxidative Med & Cellular Longevity, 2018-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus L. has favorable nutritional/medicinal features. We found the content of total flavonoids in flower extract to be the highest (788.56 mg/g) of all the different parts of A. esculentus; according to high-performance liquid chromatography, the quercetin-3-O-[β-D-glu-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside content was 122.13 mg/g. Protective e…

Karakoltsidis PA, Constantinides SM. Okra seeds: A new protein source. Jl Agric Food Chem 1975; 23:1204-7.

Maramag RP et al, DIURETIC POTENTIAL OF CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS LINN., CORCHORUS OLITURIUS LINN., & ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS LINN, ASIAN Jl OF NAT & APPLIED SCI, 2 :1, 2013-Abstract: This experimental study was explored to determine the diuretic property of C. frutescens L., C. olitorius L., & A. esculentus L. Specifically, it sought to determine the diuretic efficacy of the different plant decoctions in white rats. The study looked into the most effective concentration in each of the experimental plant decoction. It likewise determined the significant difference of the following variables: conce…

Mokgalaboni K et al, Effect of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Okra) on Dyslipidemia: Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies, Int Jl Mol Sci, 25(20):10922., 2024-Abstract: The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including dyslipidemia & atherosclerosis, is rising. While pharmacological treatments for dyslipidemia & associated CVDs exist, not all individuals can afford them, & those who do often experience adverse side effects. Preclinical studies have indicated the potential benefits of Abelmoschus esculentus & its active phytochemicals in addressing dyslipidemia …

Baleeghuddin Farooqui M et al, EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (LINN) IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS, EUR Jl OF PHARMACEUT & MED RES, 2018; 5(5): 508-11,

Kumar R et al, Evaluation of Abelmoschus Esculentus Mucilage as Suspending Agent in Paracetamol Suspension Inter Jl of PharmTech Res, 1 (3):658-65, 2009,

Islam MT et al. Phytochemical information & pharmacological activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A literature-based review. Phytother. Res. 2019; 33:72–80 Abstract: This review aimed at summarizing phytochemical reports & biological activities of Abelmoschus esculentus L. from the database sources. For this, an up-to-date search was made in the PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, & Google Scholar. The findings suggest that AE contains various nutrients & important phytochemicals. It possesses a number of important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory …

El-Khalifa AEO et al, Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) as a Potential Dietary Medicine with Nutraceutical Importance for Sustainable Health Applications. Molecules. 2021;26(3):696. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030696.

Peng CH et al, Abelmoschus esculentus fractions potently inhibited the pathogenic targets associated with diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Food Function, 7(2):728-40, 2016-Abstract: Although Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) is known for anti-hyperglycemia, few reports have addressed its target. Our recent studies have focused on diabetic renal epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in fibrosis that accompanies increasing vimentin & suggested signals DPP-4/AT-1/TGF-β1. This study aimed to investigate whether AE is useful for preventing diabetic…

ONG ES et al, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Okra Seeds Reveals Antioxidant, Antidiabetic & Vasoprotective Activities. Plants (Basel). 2021;10(8):1645-Abstract: The aim of this study is to utilize pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals from different parts of okra. A single step PHWE was performed at various temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C & 120 °C) to determine which extraction temperature exhibits the optimum phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The optimum temperature for PHWE extraction was determined at …

Bahreini N et al, Effects of Dried Okra Extract on Lipid Profile, Renal Function & Some RAGE‐Related Inflammatory Genes Expression in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Comp Ther in Medicine 81: 103027, 2024-Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) is reported to have anti-diabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dried okra extract (DOE) supplementation on lipid profile, renal function indices, & expression of inflammatory genes, as well as serum level of so…

Tavakolizadeh M et al, Clinical efficacy & safety of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, Acta Diabetol, 60(12):1685-1695. 2023-Abstract: As a valuable dietary crop, okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal food. This clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy & safety of the AE pod capsule as an adjuvant treatment in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus & provide clinical trial-based evidence about its anti-inflammatory effects. Metho…

Agregán, R. et al, Biological Activity & Development of Functional Foods Fortified with Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Critical Reviews in Food Sci & Nutr, 63( 23): 6018–33. 2023-Abstract: The Abelmoschus esculentus plant, better known as okra, is an interesting crop from a nutritional standpoint. The okra plant is native to the African region but can now be found throughout tropical & subtropical areas of the world. This plant, known for its healing abilities, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat several diseases & external ailments, such as wounds or boils. This article review…

Saatchi A et al, Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Abelmoschus Esculentus (Okra) on patients with diabetes type 2: a randomized clinical trial, Phytother Res. 2022, 36(4):1644-1651-Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has traditionally been used in diabetes treatment. This study investigated the effect of Okra whole fruit on blood glucose level of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with concomitant use of oral hypoglycemic agents. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 120 diabetic patients were assigned to okra group (n = 60) & control group (n = 60). The AE group received 1,000…

Ansari NM et al, Antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by south-Asian migrants in Bradford, Yorkshire, UK, Phytother Res, 9(10):907 – 911,

Jepkorir MS, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING & ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF ANNONA MURICATA & ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS AGAINST BREAST, CERVICAL & prostate cancer cell, 2017 -The KASH 7-Abstract: Annona muricata & Abelmoschus esculentus which belongs to the Annonaceae & malvaceae family respectively have commonly been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study evaluated the phytochemical components of both A. muricata & A. esculentus & their antiproliferative activity on the breast, cervical & prostate cancer cell lines. Both A. muricata & A. esculentus were extracted using me…

Yang Q et al, Hyperoside regulates its own biosynthesis via MYB30 in promoting reproductive development & seed set in okra., Plant Physiol. 2021;185(3):951-68-Abstract: Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that play important roles in fruit & vegetable development. Here, we examined the function of hyperoside, a unique flavonoid in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), known to promote both flowering & seed set. We showed that the exogenous application of hyperoside significantly improved pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth by almost 50%, resulting in a 42.7% increase in the seed set ra…

Valerio f et al, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Flour Integration in Wheat-Based Sourdough: Effect on Nutritional & Technological Quality of Bread, Foods, 13(20):3238. 2024-ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to develop an innovative sourdough using dehydrated okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pod flour & to use it in the production of bread. Three different flours (sun-dried S, freeze-dried F, oven-dried O) were individually mixed at 9% with wheat flour (Dough Yield 300) & fermented (N0: 8.0 log10 CFU/g) for 14 h, using Lactiplantibacillus plantarumITM21B, Weissella cibaria C43-11 or Leuc…

Wu DT et al, Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, & inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes of different cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Mol. 2020; 25:1276-Abstract: in this study, the phenolic profiles & bioactivities of five representative cultivars of AE collected in China were investigated. Noticeable variations of phenolic compounds & their bioactivities were observed among these different cultivars of AE The contents of total flavonoids (TFC) in "Shuiguo", "Kalong 8", "Kalong 3", "Wufu", & "Royal red" ranged from 1.75 to 3.39 mg RE/g DW, of which "Shuiguo" showed the…

Hamon S et al, Characterisation & evaluation of okra. In: The use of genetic resources. (Brown, A.H.D. et al. Eds) Cambridge University Press-173-96. 1989.

Akingbola JO et al, Effects of color & flavor changes on acceptability of ogi supplemented with okra seed meals. Plant Foods for Human Nutr, 58:1-9. 2003,

Daliu P et al, Abscisic acid identification in Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench): perspective nutraceutical uses for the treatment of diabetes, Food Res, 34(1):3-9. 2020-Abstract: Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench), also known as Lady's Fingers, Gombo, or bamje, is an annual plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. Traditional holistic medicine since centuries directly associates this plant & its parts to a beneficial health hypoglycemic effect. Since the abscisic acid (ABA) has been associated to an interesting hypoglycemic effect, this triggered us to verify & quantify the pr…

Avallone S et al. Nutritional value of six multi-ingredient sauces from Burkina Faso. Jl of Food Composition & Analysis. 21:553-8. 2008.

Dua V.K et al, Larvicidal activity of Hibiscus Abelmoschus Linn. (Malvaceae) against mosquitoes. Jl of Am Mosquito Control Association 22, 155–15, 2006.

Gemede FH et al, Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A Review, Food Sci & Quality Management, 33, 2014,

Markose BL et al, Okra: Review of research on vegetable and tuber crops. Kerala Agric Univ Press, Kerala, India. 1990,

Roy A et al, Functional properties of Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench): traditional claims and scientific evidences, Sci Today (2014) 1 (3): 121-30-http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.3.63,

Li YX et al, Chemical Constituents of Abelmoschus esculentus Fruit & Biological Activity, Med & Biopharmaceutical, 2016:1040-8-https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814719810_0133,

de Sousa G et al. Purification & biological activities of Abelmoschus esculentus seed lectin. Protein Jl 2012; 31:674-80.

Al-Wandawi H. Chemical composition of seeds of two okra cultivars. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 31(6), 1355-8. 1983,

Romdhane Mh et al, Chemical composition, nutritional value, & biological evaluation of Tunisian okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Molecules. 2020; 25:4739-Abstract: The aim of this work was to perform an unprecedented in-depth study on the bioactive phytochemicals of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench Tunisian landrace (Marsaouia). For this purpose, its nutritional, aroma volatile, & phenolic profiles were characterized, & sundry biological activities were assessed in vitro. The approximate composition revealed that total dietary fiber as the most abundant macronutrient, mainly ins…

Esmaeilzadeh D et al, Effect of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) on metabolic syndrome: A review, Phytother Res, 34(9):2192-2202. 2020-Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal fat, high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, & diminished high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), routinely called lady's finger, has belonged to the Malvaceae family. Okra is considered as a valuable crop due to the multiple functions of its leaves, buds, flowers, pods, stems, & seeds in traditional and modern medicines. Se…

Rao P.U, Chemical composition & biological evaluation of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seeds & their kernels. Plant Food for Human Nutrition. 35:389-96, 1985.

Ilhan G et al, Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used as folk remedy in Turkey. Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 88; 93-7 2003.

Kumar Trivedi M et al, valuation of Vegetative Growth Parameters in Biofield Treated Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) & Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Inter Jl Nutr & Food Sci, 2015-DOI: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.24,

Jarret RL et al, Seed Oil & Fatty Acid Content in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) & Related Species, Agric & Food Chem, 59(8) :40-19, 2011-Abstract: Approximately 1100 Genebank accessions of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) & 540 additional accessions that included six of its related species—A. caillei, A. crinitis, A. esculentus, A. ficulneus, A. manihot, A. moschatus & A. tuberculatus—were evaluated for seed oil content using time domain NMR (TD-NMR). Oil content in seed of A. caillei, A. esculentus, A. ficulneus, A. manihot, A. moschatus & A. tuberculatus was in the ranges 2.51−13.61%, 12.36−…

Ndunguru J et al, Effect of okra mosaic virus disease on the above-ground morphological yield components of okra in Tanzania. Scientia Horticulturae, 99, 225-35. 2004,

Siemonsma J.S. West African okra – morphological & cytogenetical indicators for the existence of a natural amphidiploid of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) & A. manihot (L.), Mediks. Euphytica 31:241-252.1982a.

Oyelade OJ et al, Influence of variety on protein, fat contents & some physical characteristics of okra seeds. Jl Food Eng. 2003; 57:111-4.

Abi E et al, Hypoglycaemic Effect of Abelmoschus Esculentus Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Endocrinol Diabetes Res 3:1, 2017.

Ilango KB et al, SAFETY EVALUATION OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS POLYSACCHARIDE, Inter Jl of Pharmaceut Sci Review & Res, 10,2, 2011,

Umoh I et al, Histomorphological Study of the Effect of Chronic Consumption of Abelmoschus Esculentus & Piper Guineense on The Gastric Mucosa Of Albino Wistar Rats, Inter Jl of Pharmaceut Res & Allied Sci, 2013; 2(3): 31-7,

de Carvalho CC et al, Antibacterial properties of the extract of Abelmoschus esculentus, Biotechnol & Bioprocess Engineer, 16 (5):971-7, 2011,

Santhanalkshmi P et al, Evaluation of antidepressant-like activity after acute & chronic administration of aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds using animal models of depression, Nat Jl of Physiol, Pharm & Pharmacol, 2020-Abstract: Major depression is a very common mood disorder that leads to disability & impaired social role of the patient, adversely affecting the quality of life & increasing mortality. Although the currently available antidepressant drugs provide symptom relief & clinical improvement, they have delayed onset of action, lack efficacy & also produce numerous adve…

Bakhsh HT et al, Abelmoschus esculentus Seed Extract Exhibits In Vitro & In Vivo Anti-Alzheimer's Potential Supported by Metabolomic & Computational Investigation, Plants (Basel), 12(12):2382, 2023-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. (okra, F. Malvaceae) is a fruit widely consumed all over the world. In our study, the anti-Alzheimer's potential of AE was evaluated. An in vitro DPPH free radical assay on AE seed's total extract & AChE inhibition potential screening indicated a significant anti-Alzheimer's activity of the extract, which was confirmed through an in vivo study in an aluminum…

Kumar S et al, Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) in West & Central Africa: potential & progress on its improvement. African Jl of Agric Res, 5, 3590-8. 2010,

Ngoc Trinh H et al, HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS FROM ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. – MALVACEAE ON TYLOXAPOL- INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN MICE, !3th Inter Elect Conf on Synthetic Organic Chem, 1-30, 2009-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Malvaceae) has been used for a long time as a daily food in many countries because of its nourishing components. Extracts from A. esculentus are known to ameliorate not only hyperglycemia but also hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice induced by alloxan & streptozocin. However, its hypolipidemic activity has not yet been clearly studied. Objective: Hypolipidemic…

de Sousa Ferreira Soares G et al, ,Spectroscopic & thermo oxidative analysis of organic okra oil & seeds from Abelmoschus esculentus. Scientific World J, 2012:847471-Abstract : In this study, flour & oil from organic Okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus grown in northeastern Brazil were analyzed. Similar to Okra varieties from the Middle East & Central America, Brazilian Okra has significant amounts of protein (22.14%), lipids (14.01%), & high amounts of unsaturated lipids (66.32%), especially the oleic (20.38%) & linoleic acids (44.48%). Oil analysis through PDSC revealed an oxidation tempe…

Akintoye HA et al, Growth & yield response of okra intercropped with live mulches. Asian Jl of Agric Research, 5, 146-53. 2011,

Siemonsma JS. La culture du Gombo (Abelmoschus sp), Legume fruit tropical (avec reference special a la Cote d’Ivoire). Thesis Wegeningen Agric Univ, the Netherlands. 1982b.

Mourya D et al, isolation of natural acid base indicator from the flower extract of Saraca asoca, Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus cannabinus, & Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Int Jl of Sci Res in Sci & Technol, 132-4, 2021-Abstract: The objective of this work is to use more plant indicators than chemical-based indicators. Saraca asoca is a species of family Fabaceae & Abelmoschus esculentus & Hibiscus cannabinus is a species of family Malvaceae [1]. Indicator are very special chemicals, they change colour of the solution with change in pH by adding acid or alkali. In the present work acid base ti…

Nasrollahii Z et al, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench improved blood glucose, lipid, & down-regulated PPAR-α, PTP1B genes expression in diabetic rats, Jl of Biochem,  2022 ;46(7):e140-Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is one of the most important medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes. Flavonoids are one of the most significant components of AE & are responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of AE extract on biochemical parameters & expression of protein tyrosine phosphata…

Chen H et al, In Vitro & In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides, Jl of Med Food, 2016; 19(3)-Abstract: Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction & alcohol precipitation. Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, & RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminomethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, & nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. Their immunomodulatory a…

Shah BN et al, SCREENING OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FRUITS FOR IT S ANALGESIC ACTIVITY Pharmacologyonline, 2: 17-21 (2010),

Amin MA, Hypoglycemic Effects in Response to Abelmoschus Esculentus Treatment: A Research Framework using STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats, Inter Jl of Bioscience, Biochem & Bioinformatics, 1 :1, 2011,

LIAO Z et al, Polysaccharide from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Improves Antioxidant Capacity via PI3K/AKT Pathways & Nrf2 Translocation in a Type 2 Diabetes Model, Mol, 17;24(10):1906. 2019-Abstract: Polysaccharide extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), a traditional functional food, is a biologically active substance reported to possess hypoglycemic & anti-oxidative qualities. However, it is unknown which polysaccharides play a role & have the potential mechanism. This present study is to assess the possible impacts of a novel polysaccharide isolated from ok…

Calisir S et al, A study on some physicochemical properties of Turkey okra (Hibiscus esculenta L.) seeds. Jl Food Engine, 2005; 68:73-8.

Crossly A. et al, The fatty acids & glycerides of okra seed oil. Inter jl of Sci Food & Agric, 2: 252-5. 1951.

Sabitha V et al, Antidiabetic & antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jl of Pharm & Bio-allied Sci, 3(3) 397-402. 2011-Abstract: The present investigation was aimed to study the antidiabetic & antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus peel & seed powder (AEPP & AESP) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: Acute toxicity of AEPP & AESP was studied in rats at 2000 mg/kg dose & diabetes was induced in rats by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). After 14 days of blood glucose stabilization, d…

Pan LC et al, Structure, antioxidant property & protection on PC12 of a polysaccharide isolated & screened from Abelmoschus esculentus Moench (okra), Prod Res, 2022, 36(6):1441-7-Abstract: AeP-P-2, a pectic polysaccharide, was extracted from the fruit pod of okra. It composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal) & galacturonic acid (GalA) with the ratio of 4.75:2.01:1.00:4.91:7.24. The main structural feature of AeP-P-2 are 1,4-linked galacturonan units (homogalacturonan backbone) & (1 → 2) & (1 → 2,4) linked Rha (rhamnogalacturonan I region). And the other sid…

Sipahi H et al, A comprehensive study to evaluate the wound healing potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit, Jl of Ethnopharmacol, 287:114843, 2022-Abstract:  In this study, we aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of okra fruit by in vitro & in vivo experimental models in detail. Furthermore, based on the results of experiments, a wound healing formulation was developed & its activity profile was studied. Materials & methods: For this purpose, the phenolic, flavonoid & proanthocyanidin contents & chemical profile of aqueous & ethanolic extracts prepared from AE fruits c…

Rahaman Mollick M et al, Anticancer (in vitro) & antimicrobial effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) pulp extract via a green route, RSC Adv., 2014,4, 37838-37848-DOI: 10.1039/C4RA07285E,

Afsharmanesh MR et al, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Intake Improves Lipid Profile & Liver Transaminases in Pre‐Diabetic Adults: A Randomized Double‐Blinded Trial. Jundishapur Jl of Nat Pharmaceut Prod, 19,:1: 7., 2024-

Messing J et al, Anti-adhesive Properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Immature Fruit Extract against Helicobacter pylori Adhesion PLoS ONE 9(1): e84836.

Sereno AB et al, Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) on glycemic markers in animal models of diabetes: A systematic review, Jl Ethnopharmacol, 15:298:115544. 2022-Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia & Europa to control diabetes. Although its action has been evaluated in several preclinical rodent trials, they have not been systematically analyzed. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of using okra in the treatment of diabetes in experimental rodent models. Material & methods: Control…

Chaemsawang W et al, the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seed extract on human cancer cell lines delivered in its native form & loaded in polymeric micelles, Inter Jl of Biomaterials. 2019, 13, 9404383-Abstract: The National Cancer Institute of Thailand reports increasing cumulative incidence of breast, colorectal, liver, lung, & cervical cancers, accounting for more than 60% of all cancers in the kingdom. In this current work, we attempt to elucidate the phytochemical composition of the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) seed extract (OSE) & study its anticancer …

Devanesan S et al, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Flower Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus for Cytotoxicity & Antimicrobial Studies, Int Jl Nanomedicine, 16:3343-56, 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, an economically important malvaceous vegetable crop popularly known as okra, is used in various culinary preparations & is rich in vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. The biological properties of okra flowers in relation to nanoparticle synthesis have not yet been reported. Materials & methods: In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesize…

ROSHAN DEEN G et al, Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical & Antibacterial Properties, Nanomaterials (Basel), 12(23):4174. 2022-Abstract: In this work, stable & spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) at room temperature & ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the plant (such as the leaves, stems, & pods) on the c…

Gul MZ et al, Evaluation of Abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial & antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. BMC Comp & Alter Med, 11:64 2011.

Ebrahimzadesh MA et al, Antidepressant activity of Hibiscus esculentus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:2609-12.

Phoswa WN et al, Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus & Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus, Life (Basel), 13(9):1830. 2023-Abstract: This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, & Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde & thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as…

Joshi SV et al, Alteration of gastric mucus secretion in rats treated with Abelmoschus esculentus seed mucilage. Der Pharmacia Lettre: 3 (5) 183-8. 2011.

Sindhu RK et al, phytochemical, Nutritional & Pharmacological evidences for Abelmoschus esculentus (L.), The Jl of Phytopharmacol, 2016; 5(6):238-41,

Arapitsas, P. Identification & quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds & skins. Food Chem. 110:1041-5. 2008-Abstract: The aims of the present work were to identify & quantify the polyphenolic profile of Abelmoschus esculentus, a vegetable almost worldwide consumed. Since the knowledge about the okra polyphenolic compounds is limited, the seeds & the skins of okra were separately analyzed. The seeds, which represent the 17% of the vegetable & dare richer in phenolic compounds, were mainly composed by oligomeric catechins (2.5mg/g of seeds) & flavonol derivatives (3.4mg/g of …

Guebebia S et al, Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) leaves, fruits & seeds extracts on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) leukocytes, & their cytotoxic, bactericidal & antioxidant properties, Fish Shell-fish Immunol, 138 :108799, 2023-Abstract: Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L., is a popular vegetable crop with many bioactive compounds. The in vitro immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal & antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from different parts of okra (leaves, fruits, & seeds) were studied. Phytochemical screening of hydroalcoholic extracts of AE leaves, …

Huang CN et al, Abelmoschus esculentus subfractions attenuate beta amyloid-induced neuron apoptosis by regulating DPP-4 with improving insulin resistance signals, Plos-One, 14(6): e0217400, 2019-Abstract the association of Alzheimer disease (AD) & Diabetes (DM) is less clear. Accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) & presence of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) are hallmarks of AD, spreading in the region where insulin receptors are also found. Aβ exerts neuron toxicity & could disturb insulin signaling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β & AMP-activated prot…

Saravanan S et al, Hepatoprotective role of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, 2013, 23 :528-536 (doi:10.3109/15376516.2013.796032),

Sheu S.C et al, Composition analysis & immuno-modulatory effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract. Food Chem, 134 (4):1906-11. 2012.

Yuan Q et al, Influences of different drying methods on the structural characteristics & multiple bioactivities of polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Biol Macromol, 147: 1053-63, 2020-Abstract:In this study, in order to evaluate the influences of drying methods on the chemical structures & bioactivities of polysaccharides from okra (OPPs), four drying methods, including microwave drying at 400 W, 600 W, & 800 W, freezing drying, hot air drying, & vacuum drying, were applied to dry okra fruits. Six different OPPs were extracted from AE dried by different drying methods. Resu…

Durazzo A et al, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.): Bioactive Components’ Beneficial Properties—Focused on Antidiabetic Role—For Sustainable Health Applications, Molecules, 24(1):38, 2018-Abstract: The main features of the okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, are highlighted. The evaluation of interactions between biologically active compounds & other components of the food matrix can be considered as the first action in the investigation of potential benefits of this annual herb. Moreover, updated examples of current & innovative directions in an integrated & multidisciplinary approach are discussed, w…

Tiwari Ayushi et al, Screened Phytochemicals of A. esculentus Leaves & their Therapeutic Role as an Antioxidant, Inter Jl of Pharmacogn & Phytochem Res, 2016; 8(9);1509-15,

Guebebia S et al, Phytochemical compounds, antiradical capacity, & in vitro inhibitory effect against fish pathogenic bacteria of okra fruits (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) at different maturity stages, Open Vet Jl, 13(12):1562-9, 2023-Aim: The in vitro antioxidant & antibacterial capacities, in addition to the phytochemical compounds of the okra fruit extracts gathered at three maturity stages, were the objectives of this study. Methods: This study examined the modifications in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), & antioxidant & antibacterial capacities of three AE fr…

Peter L et al, Total polyphenols & antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous fruits extract of Abelmoschus esculentus: Modeling & optimization of extraction conditions. PLoS One. 2021;16(4): e0250405. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250405. eCollection 2021-

Abobakar DM et al, Phytochemical Screening of Abelmoschus esculentus From Leptis area at Al-Khums Libya, Inter Jl of Chem Sci, 2017; 1(2): 48-53-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus is used in Libya as a nutrient & as a medicinal plant for treating many diseases. The coarse powders of A esculentus fruits & leaves were subjected to successive extraction with Distilled water & Ethyl Alcohol solvents (each separately) by maceration method. Qualitative & Quantative phytochemical analysis of fruits & leaves of aqueous & ethanolic crude extracts of this plant showed the presence of various phytochemi…

PUNUKOLLU RS et al, A blend of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root & Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench fruit extracts relieves constipation & improves bowel function: A proof-of-concept clinical investigation, Jl Ethnopharmacol, 318(Pt B):116997-Abstract: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) & Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (AE) are known as Ashwagandha & Okra, respectively, important herbs in traditional medicine for their diverse therapeutic values. WS root is an adaptogen that relieves stress & anxiety & promotes sleep. AE fruit or Okra is widely consumed as a vegetable & is traditiona…

Saha D et al, Phytochemical evaluation & characterization of hypoglycemic activity of various extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn fruit, Inter Jl of Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 3 (SUPPL. 2) 83-185. 2011,

Adetuyi FO. Antioxidant Degradation in Six Indigenous Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench Varieties during storage in Nigeria, Jl of Food Technol, 26 (5): 227-30. 2008,

Nuhu A et al, Antihyperlipemic Efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Fruits Varieties on Rats Fed High-Fat Diet; Corpus ID: 2020-Abstract: Okra fruits have been found to be efficient in managing hyperlipidemia. But there are different varieties of Okra, & whether antihyperlipidemic efficiency varies with the varieties has not been reported. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to validate antihyperlipidemic efficiencies of some Okra fruits varieties on rats fed high-fat diet. Methods: The five varieties of okra fruit were each sliced, air dried & pulverized into powder then extr…

Alqasoumi S.I. 'Okra' Hibiscus esculentus L.: A study of its hepatoprotective activity, Saudi Pharmaceut Jl, 20 (2) :135-41. 2012,

Savello PA et al, Nutrition composition of okra seed meals. Jl of Agric & Food Chem, 28:1163-6.1990.

Liu W et al, Anti-demodectic effects of okra eyelid patching Demodex blepharitis compared with tea tree oil, Exp Ther Med, 2021, 21(4):338-Abstract: Demodex infection gradually develops to Demodex blepharitis, which is characterized as chronic inflammation of the eyelid & meibomian gland (MG) & ultimately leads to MG dysfunction. In the present prospective study, the anti-demodectic effects of an okra eyelid patch in patients Demodex blepharitis were investigated. A total of 52 patients with Demodex blepharitis with ocular discomfort were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive eithe…

Jia L et al, Chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of Abelmoschus esculentus II. China jl of Chinese Materia Medica; 36 (7):891-5. 2011.

Agarwal A et al, CNS STIMULANT & ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF SEEDS OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS IN RATS, Bull. Pharm. Res., 2015; 5(2),

Shrikant VJ et al, Alteration of gastric mucus secretion in rats treated with Abelmoschus esculentus seed mucilage. Der Pharmacia Lettre: 3 (5) 183-8, 2011.

Babu KA et al, Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of abelmoschus esculentus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Int. Jl. of Res. in Pharmacol & Pharmacother, 2017; 6(4):396-404,

Xia F et al, Antioxidant & Anti-Fatigue Constituents of Okra. Nutrients. 2015, ;7(10):8846-58. doi: 10.3390/nu7105435.

Naim Z et al, anti-inflammatory, Analgesic & Anti-Nociceptive Efficacy of Peel of Abelmoschus esculentus Fruits in Laboratory Animal, Military Inst os Sci & Technol, 2015-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus is an important medicinal plant for its traditional & folkloric uses against different types of diseases such as headaches, arthritis, abdominal pain, inflammation etc. It also has been reported that root of the A esculentus possesses good CNS depressant activity along with high analgesic activity in Swiss albino mice. So present study investigated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic & anti-no…

Lea MA et al, Abstract 5439: Inhibition of growth & induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) & drumstick (Moringa oleifera), Cancer Res, 2012; 72(8)-Abstract:  In the present work we have sought to determine if similar activity can be observed with methanolic & ethanolic extracts from AE & MO. In okra, phenolic molecules & antioxidant activity were associated primarily with the seeds, whereas in MO the seeds had lower concentrations of phenolics & antioxidant activity than skin, pulp & seed coat. In studies with AE, we have concentrat…

Singh V et al, An optimized method of DNA isolation from highly mucilage-rich okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) for PCR analysis, Adv in Applied Sci Res, 2012; 3 (3):1809-13,

Machine AP et al, Physicochemical & sensory properties of bread with sweet potato flour (Ipomea batatas L.) as partial replacer of wheat flour supplemented with okra hydrocolloids. Afr. Jl. Food Sci. 2020; 14:385–94-Abstract: The effects of partial substitution for wheat flour with sweet potato flour & the incorporation of aqueous okra hydrocolloid extract on the physicochemical & sensory characteristics of wheat bread processing was evaluated. Six breading formulations were prepared with substitution of 10, 20 & 30% wheat flour by sweet potato flour with or without incorporation of aqueous…

Yasin H et al, Ethanolic extract of okra has a potential gastroprotective effect on acute gastric lesions in Sprague Dawley rats, Food sci Nutr, 2020-Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has various bioactive components used for the treatment of different diseases such as gastritis & ulcers. This research aims to examine the anti-inflammatory & anti-ulcer attributes of AE extract against gastric lesions. Adult Sprague Dawley male albino rats were divided into five groups. The negative control (G1) received normal feed, positive control (G2) received ulcer-inducing drug aspirin 150 mg/kg …

Sabitha V et al, In vitro α-glucosidase & α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects in aqueous extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Asian Pacific Jl of Trop Biomed, (2012),162-4,

Dantas TL et al Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as a potential functional food source of mucilage & bioactive compounds with technological applications & health benefits. Plants. 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus has fruit popularly known as okra and belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is commonly used in cooking but also in traditional medicine in the treatment of worms, dysentery, inflammation, & also irritation of the stomach, intestines, & kidneys, as it is a potential functional food. Its mucilage is a highly viscous polysaccharide that is mostly composed of monosaccharides D-gala…

Qiu F et al, Total Flavonoid Extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Flowers Attenuates d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver Through the Nrf2 Pathway, Jl Med FOOD, 20(6):557-67, 2017-Abstract: Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic is an edible hibiscus that is rich in flavonoids, & its use as Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases & health maintenance dates back to ancient times. The chemical compositions of total flavonoid of AM flower extract (TFAE) were identified & determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of TFAE on antioxidativ…

TSUN-KA-KWOK C et al, An Overview of the Current Scientific Evidence on the Biological Properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Okra), Foods, 14(2):177, 2025-Absrtract: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, commonly known as okra or lady's finger, is an annual flowering plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. Okra is a native plant in Africa as well as a traditional medicine in Africa & India for treating different diseases & conditions. Today, okra is widely consumed as a vegetable & is increasingly recognized as a superfood due to its rich nutritional profile & potential pharmacol…

Geng XQ et al, Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra) & its hypoglycemic effect & mechanism on type 2 diabetes mellitus, Food Funct, 2022, 13(23):11973-85-Abstract: A novel acidic polysaccharide named AeP-P-1 was prepared from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra). AeP-P-1 is a heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.02 × 103 kDa and is composed of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, & D-galacturonic acid in the ratio 1.87: 3.58: 1.00. Structural characterization based on methylation and 1D/2D NMR analyses indicated that AeP-P-1 is comp…

Mokgalaboni K et al, Okra ameliorates hyperglycaemia in pre-diabetic & type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review & meta-analysis of the clinical evidence, Front Pharmacol, 3:14:1132650. 2023-Abstract: Despite the use of available pharmaceutical drugs, high rates of metabolic diseases & cardiovascular disorders are alarming. This calls for alternative therapies that can attenuate these complications. Therefore, we investigated the beneficial effects of AE on glycaemic control in pre-diabetes & type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: MEDLINE & Scopus were searched for relevant studies. C…

Kumar Doreddula S et al, Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antistress, & Nootropic Activities of Aqueous & Methanolic Seed Extracts of Ladies Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Mice, Scientific-World-Journal. 2014 / doi: 10.1155/2014/519848,

EL-WEKEEL AH et al, Antidiabetic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus leaves & fruits: a comparative study assisted by chemical profiling, in vitro & in silico studies RSC Adv, 15(23):18292, 2025-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) is an edible plant from the Malvaceae family known for its nutritional value. The phytochemical content & medicinal usefulness of the fruits of this plant have been extensively discussed, but the leaves have not been adequately investigated. The present research provides a comparative study of leaves & fruits in terms of phytochemical content & biological potent…

Yang LW et al, NEUROPROTECTION OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. AGAINST DIABETIC NEUROPATHY, Asian Jl of Pharmaceut & Clin Res, 11, Special Issue 3, 2018-Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effect of Abelmoschus esculentus on alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (130 mg/kg b.w). The ethanol extract of AE at a dose of 100&d 200 mg/kg of body weight was administered at single dose per day to alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The fasting blood …

Tyagita N et al, Superiority of Purple Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to Green Okra in Insulin Resistance & Pancreatic β Cell Improvement in Diabetic Rats, Folia Med (Plovdiv), 63(1):51-58. 2021-Abstract: Okra is a quercetin-containing plant which can induce pancreas regeneration & has antidiabetic effect. There has been a lot of research that demonstrate that purple AE contains more quercetin than green AE. Aim: To demonstrate the advantages of purple AE over green okra on the diabetic marker’s improvement in diabetic rats. Materials & methods: Fifteen male 2-month-old Wistar rats were inj…

Mishra N et al, Protective effect of Abelmoschus esculentus against alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar strain rats. Jl Diet Suppl 2016; 13:634-46-Abstract: Increased oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the etiology & pathogenesis of diabetes & its complications. Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) has been reported to possess many important biological properties. We undertook in vivo studies on male Wistar rats to examine the antioxidative potential of okra in normal and alloxan-treated diabetic rats. Okra extract was administered to control & diabetic rats for 35 consecu…

ABDEL-RAZEK MAM et al, A Review: Pharmacological Activity & Phytochemical Profile of Abelmoschus esculentus (2010-2022), RSC Adv, 13(22) :15280-94, 2023-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra) which belongs to the family Malvaceae is a commonly consumed vegetable that consists of the seed component which is rich in polyphenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to highlight the chemical & biological diversity of A. esculentus. This plant contains many vitamins, minerals, proteins & carbohydrates in addition to flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds & sterols. These variations …

Huang CN et al, the nutraceutical benefits of subfractions of Abelmoschus esculentus in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, PLOS-One, 2017-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a commonly consumed vegetable, is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic effects. However, few scientific reports have identified its targets because mucilage increases the difficulty of manipulation. We recently reported extraction steps to obtain subfractions of AE, which were found to attenuate the adverse effects of high glucose & fatty acid in vitro. In this study, we used modified extraction steps & type 2 diabe…

Taiwo BJ et al, Isolation & Characterisation of Two Quercetin Glucosides with Potent Anti-Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activity & an Olean-12-en Triterpene Glucoside from the Fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Chem Biodiv, 18(1): e2000670. 2021-Abstract: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is used in the traditional treatment of cancer, hyperlipidaemia & hyperglycaemia. We, therefore, investigated its composition & potential cytotoxic or antioxidant properties that might underlie its phytotherapeutic applications. Its methanolic fruit extract yielded compounds 1, 2 & 3, identified thro…

Kahn MR et al, ameliorating effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed oil on hypercholesterolemia Food Sci & Technol, L4(1):113-9, 2021-Abstract: lifestyle associated disorders have always been a hazard for the advancement of chronic diseases. Therefore, use of natural dietary sources is proved to be safe for reducing the occurrence & management of chronic diseases. AE along with its various parts has been used for the treatment of several diseases. The present study was done to examine the ameliorating effect of AE seed oil on hypercholesterolemic rats. Sprague Dawley Rats were randoml…

Olatunji-Bello et al, EVALUATION OF THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS FRUIT EXTRACT OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (OKRO FRUIT) ON SOME MALE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS Jl of Phytology, 2009, 1(6): 461–8,

Sunilson JA et al, Antioxidant & hepatoprotective effect of the roots of Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Search, 84617879-Abstract: The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived free radicals in-vitro with IC50 of 620 μg/ml, 2300 μg/ml, 870 μg/ml & 610 μg/ml. [Fe2+/ascorbate system], 730 μg/ml, [Fe3+/ADP/ascorbate system], for superoxide radical production, hydroxyl radical generation, nitric oxide radical formation & lipid peroxide formation respectively. The oral administration of the extract (250 & 500 mg/kg body weight), significantly reduce CCl4 i…

Guebebia S et al, Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) leaves, fruits & seeds extracts on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) leukocytes, & their cytotoxic, bactericidal & antioxidant properties, Fish Shell-fish Immunol, 138 :108799, 2023-Abstract: Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L., is a popular vegetable crop with many bioactive compounds. The in vitro immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal & antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from different parts of okra (leaves, fruits, & seeds) were studied. Phytochemical screening of hydroalcoholic extracts of AE leaves, …

Kmail A et al, In vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity of Abelmoschus esculentus Asparagus aphyllus & Crataegus azarolus extracts & their effects on GLUT4 membrane translocation on L6 muscle cells & blood glucose levels in mice, Adv in Med Plant Res, 7(3):23-30, 2019-ABSTRACT: Despite the enormous achievements in the development of conventional drugs, herbal-based medicines are still a common practice for the prevention/treatment of diabetes & its related complications. Asparagus aphyllus, Abelmoschus esculentus & Crataegus azarolus are recommended in the Greco-Arab traditional medicine for th…

SINGH G et al, A Novel Herbal Composition Alleviates Functional Constipation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Transit Time, & Improves Bowel Function in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Study, Jl Am Nutr Assoc, 43(6):553-566.-Abstract: A recent proof-of-concept pilot clinical study has demonstrated that consumption of CL18100F4, a proprietary herbal blend of Withania somnifera root & Abelmoschus esculentus fruit extracts, significantly relieved the participants from functional constipation & improved their quality of life. The objective of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-c…

Mairuae N et al, the effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.) on the cellular events associated with Alzheimer's disease in a stably expressed HFE neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, Uro Sci Lett, 603:6-11. 2015-Abstract: It has been reported that persons carrying the H63D variant in their hemochromatosis (HFE) gene are at increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the possibility that okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) & quercetin could mitigate this risk factor by examining its effect on AD-associated cellular events in HFE stably expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment of H63D…

Olawuyi BF et al, Structural characterization, functional properties & antioxidant activities of polysaccharide extract obtained from okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus), Food Chem, 354:129437. 2021-Abstract: Polysaccharides have been isolated from okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus), with little focus on the leaves. This study characterized a water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from okra leaves (OLP), & investigated its functional properties, for their potential applications. FT-IR & NMR spectroscopy were used to describe structural characteristics & the influence on functional propertie…

Adelakun OE et al, composition & the antioxidative properties of Nigerian Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) Flour, Food Chem & Toxicol, 47 (6): 1123-6-Abstract: Studies on the Chemical composition & the antioxidative properties of Nigerian Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) Flour was carried out. This is done to establish the nutritional composition & the antioxidative potentials of the seeds, both of which are highly implicated in health. Okra seeds were roasted at 160 degrees C for 10 - 60 mins. The roasted seed was subjected to proximate, yield & antioxidative activity det…

Abbas AY et al, Possible Antidiabetic Mechanism of Action of Ex‐Maradi Okra Fruit Variety (Abelmoscus esculentus) on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats, Nigerian Jl of Basic & Applied Sci, 25 (2:) 101–13. 2017-

Gemede FH et al, Indigenous Ethiopian okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage: A novel ingredient with functional & antioxidant properties, Food & Sci Nutr, 2018; 6(3):563-71-https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.596,

Vayssade M et al, Antiproliferative & proapoptotic actions of okra pectin on B16F10 melanoma cells, Phytother Res. 2010, 24(7):982-9-doi: 10.1002/ptr.3040.

Subrahmanyam GV et al, ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FRUIT EXTRACT, Inter J Res P Chem, 1(1), 2011,

Hossen A et al, CNS depressant & analgesic activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.), Molecular & Clin Pharmacol 2013; 4(1):44-52-Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is used in folk medicine in the management of diabetes, diarrhea & inflammation. The present study was designed to evaluate the central nervous system (CNS) depressant and analgesic activity of the methanolic extract of AE root (MAER). CNS depressant study of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was done by open field and hole cross test whereas acetic acid writhing test and formalin induced pain was done for analg…

BAHARI H et al, the cardiometabolic benefits of okra-based treatment in prediabetes & diabetes: a systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Plant Nutr, 11:1454286. 2024-Abstract: This systematic review & meta-analysis examine the effects of okra consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with prediabetes & diabetes. Okra is a widely consumed vegetable with potential health benefits, & understanding its impact on metabolic parameters in these populations is important. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to May 2024 in Pu…

Amin MA et al, Nutritional Properties of Abelmoschus Esculentus as Remedy to Manage Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review Inter Conf on Biomed Engine & Techno, 11 (2011),

YUAN Q et al, Effects of extraction methods on the physicochemical characteristics & biological activities of polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Int Jl of Biol Macromol, 15:127:78-86. 2019-Abstract: The impacts of three extraction techniques, including hot water extraction (HWE), pressurized water extraction (PWE), & microwave assisted extraction (MAE), on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities, in vitro binding properties, and in vitro inhibitory activities on α-amylase & α-glucosidase of okra polysaccharides (OPPs) were investigated & compared. The ex…