Acmella oleracea (Zèb-maldan) : vertus médicinales en extraction alcoolique

USPTO. Patent Full-Text & Image Database. Patents (Spilanthes) 2013, http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/ search-bool.html.

Pavunraj M et al, Antibacterial & antifeedant activities of Spilanthes acmella leaf extract against Gram-negative & Gram-positive bacteria & brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbitalis larvae Jl of Coastal Life Med, 2014; 2(12): 980-5-doi: 10.12980/JCLM.2.201414J22.

BREVET (PATENT): US 3720762-A: IN COMPOSITION INTENDED FOR ORAL USE, SUCH AS DENTIFRICES, MOUTHWASHES & CHEWING GUM, A COOLING EFFECT IS OBTAINED BY INCORPORTING THEREIN SPIANTHOL, OR THE ESSENTIAL OIL OBTAINED FROM SPILANTHES OLERACEA JACQUIN OR S ACMELLA VAR. OLERACEA. THESE MATERIALS HAVE A MILD ANESTHETIC EFFECT, & PROVIDE A PLEASANT FLAVOR WHICH IS STRONG & LASTS FOR A SUBSTANTIAL TIME. THEY MAY USEFULLY TO COMBINED WITH CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS SUCH AS METHANOL OR PEPPERMINT OIL WHICH ALSO PROVIDE A COOLING EFFECT.

Boonen J et al, Transdermal behaviour of the N-alkylamide spilanthol (affinin) from Spilanthes acmella (Compositae) extracts, J. Ethnopharm. 127, 77–84, 2010a-Abstract: N-Alkylamides are a large group of bioactive molecules found in several plants from the genera Echinacea, Xanthoxylum & Spilanthes. Extracts & formulations derived from these plants are not only orally used, but also applied on the skin as well. However, there is currently no specific information available about the intrinsic local pharmacokinetics of N-alkylamides after topical application on human skin, questioning the rol…

Boonen J et al, LC–MS profiling of N-alkylamides in Spilanthes acmella extract & the transmucosal behaviour of its main bioactive spilanthol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 53, 243–9, 2010b-Abstract: N-Alkylamides are a promising group of naturally occurring bioactives, with evidence for immune stimulating properties, which find applications i.a. in buccal preparations. In Spilanthes extracts, these properties are mainly ascribed to the most abundant N-isobutylamide, spilanthol. Yet, other N-alkylamides present in these extracts may contribute to this effect, as well as to its potential toxicity and p…

Suwanjang W et al, Neuroprotective effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr. on pesticide-induced neuronal cells death, Asian Pacific J of Tropical Med, 10 (1): 35-41 2017-Abstract: to investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death & to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y) cells lines. Methods : Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was studied by treating the cells with various concentration of Pirimicarb for 24 h. Neuroprotective effect of S. acmella extracts was investigated by adding the plant extracts to…

Suwanjang W et al, Neuroprotective effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr on pesticide-induced neuronal cells death. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017;10(1):35-41.-Abstract: To investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella Murr extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y) cells lines. METHODS: Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was studied by treating the cells with various concentration of Pirimicarb for 24 h. Neuroprotective effect of S. acmella extracts was investigated by adding the plant extracts to the me…

Spilanthes acmella / Herb Drug Interactions / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Boonen J et al, Transdermal behaviour of the N-alkylamide spilanthol (affinin) from Spilanthes acmella (Compositae) extracts, J. Ethnopharm. 127, 77–84, 2010a-Abstract: N-Alkylamides are a large group of bioactive molecules found in several plants from the genera Echinacea, Xanthoxylum & Spilanthes. Extracts & formulations derived from these plants are not only orally used, but also applied on the skin as well. However, there is currently no specific information available about the intrinsic local pharmacokinetics of N-alkylamides after topical application on human skin, questioning the rol…

Tiwari KL et al, An updated review on medicinal herb genus Spilanthes, J of Chin Integrative Med 11. 9 (11) : 1170–8. 2011.

Siddique YH et al, Protective Effect of the Spilanthes acmella Extract Against the Genotoxic Damage Induced by Cyproterone Acetate in Cultured Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Global J of Pharmacol, 5(3): 136-42, 2011-Abstract: the present study the effect of Spilanthes acmella extract was studied against the genotoxic damage induced by 30 μM of cyproterone acetate (CPA) in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The extract was evaluated at 1.02×10-4, 2.125×10-4 & 3.15×10-4 & 4.17×10-4 g/ml of culture medium. The treatment of all the selected doses of S. acmella extract results in a…

Stein R et al, Chymase inhibition A key factor in the antiinflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts & spilanthol isolated from Acmella oleracea, J of Ethnopharmacol, 270(Suppl: C): 113610, 2020-Abstract:Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Asteraceae), known as jambú in Brazil, is used in traditional medicine as analgesic & for inflammatory conditions, characterized by the presence of N-alkylamides, mainly spilanthol. This bioactive compound is responsible for the above-described pharmacological properties, including sialagogue & anesthetic. Aim of the study: This study aimed to characteri…

Nasciemento AM et al, Gastroprotective effect & structure of a rhamnogalacturonan from Acmella oleracea, Phytochem, 85:137-42, 2013-Abstract: The plant Acmella oleracea, locally known as jambu, is widely used in Legal Amazon in local dishes & in folk medicine. A polysaccharide (SC) was isolated from this plant, following aqueous extraction, which contained uronic acid, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, & glucose in a 15:2:1:1:0.5 molar ratio & had a Mw 226,000 g/mol. Methylation analysis & NMR spectroscopy indicated that SC is a rhamnogalacturonan composed of a long chain of →4)-6-OMe-α-d-Gal…

Wongsawatkul O et al. Vasorelaxant & antioxidant activities of Spilanthes acmella Murr. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9, 2724-44, 2008-Abstract: This study reports the effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr extracts on phenylephrine-induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta as well as their antioxidant activity. Results show that the extracts exert maximal vasorelaxations in a dose-dependent manner, but their effects are less than acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide (NO) vasorelaxation. Significant reduction of vasorelaxations is observed in both N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) & indomethacin (IN…

Shanmugasundaram P et al, Antinociceptive & antipyretic activity of aqueous& ethanolic extracts of leaves of Spilanthes Acmella. (Indexed in Scopus), Biomed, 27(3):103-22, 2007-Abstract: Spilanthes acmella (Syn.Blainvella acmella) belonging to the family Compositae was extensively used in traditional system of medicine for various ailments like rheumatism, inflammation, stimulant & sialagogue for stammering, tongue paralysis, stomatitis, toothache, throat & gum infections etc. Methods: The aqueous (SPA) & ethanolic extracts (SPE) of leaves were screened for its antinociceptive (chemical & t…

Chang Cho Y et al, Spilanthes acmella inhibits inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-κB & MAPK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, Molecular Med Reports,16, 1--Abstract: Spilanthes acmella has been used traditionally in India & Sri Lanka to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effects & underlying mechanism of action of S. acmella are unclear. The present study assessed the anti-inflammatory properties of methanol extracts of S. acmella (MSA) in murine macrophages. MSA (≤300 µg/ml) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LP…

Savadi RV et al, Study on immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr leaves. Indian J of Nat Prod & Resources, 2010. 1: 204–7-Abstract: The leaves of Spilanthes acmella Murr have been used traditionally as tonic and in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, sailagogine & claimed to possess immunostimulant activity. In the present study, the ethanolic extract (500mg/kg bwt p.o.) of its leaves was evaluated for immunomodulatory activity using various models like modulation of macrophage function (morphometric and functional changes in mice), carbon clearance assay w…

Gunda RK et al, Phytochemical Screening & Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Spilanthes acmella on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity, Resaerch-Gate, 28(8):578-85-Abstract:  The main purpose of present investigation to screen the active constituents from Spilanthes acmella & to assess the hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced liver toxicity. Maceration process was selected to extract or isolate the active components from selected plant(roots) using various menstruum's. further it was subjected to drying & obtained dried extract was evaluated for phytochemical screeni…

Boonen J et al, LC–MS profiling of N-alkylamides in Spilanthes acmella extract & the transmucosal behaviour of its main bioactive spilanthol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 53, 243–9, 2010b-Abstract: N-Alkylamides are a promising group of naturally occurring bioactives, with evidence for immune stimulating properties, which find applications i.a. in buccal preparations. In Spilanthes extracts, these properties are mainly ascribed to the most abundant N-isobutylamide, spilanthol. Yet, other N-alkylamides present in these extracts may contribute to this effect, as well as to its potential toxicity and p…

Anholeto A et al Potential action of extract of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen to control Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787), (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. Ticks, Tick-borne Dis. 2016.-Abstract: The use of synthetic acaricides is currently the main method to control ticks. However, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals can lead to the selection of resistant individuals & in the accumulation of chemical residues in the environment, contaminating the soil & water streams, consequently affecting the flora, fauna & the human beings as well. In this sense, the objective of this study was t…

Suwanjang W et al, Neuroprotective effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr. on pesticide-induced neuronal cells death, Asian Pacific J of Tropical Med, 10 (1): 35-41 2017-Abstract: to investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death & to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y) cells lines. Methods : Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was studied by treating the cells with various concentration of Pirimicarb for 24 h. Neuroprotective effect of S. acmella extracts was investigated by adding the plant extracts to…

Arora S et al, Phytochemical & antimicrobial studies on the leaves of Spilanthes acmella  J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(5): 145-50.

Wu LC et al, Anti-inflammatory effect of spilanthol from Spilanthes acmella on murine macrophage by downregulating LPS-induced inflammatory mediators. J of Agric & Food Chem, 2008. 56: 2341–9.-Abstract: This study isolates the active compound, spilanthol, by a bioactivity-guided approach & indicates significant anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage model, RAW 264.7. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of Paracress is also investigated. Extracts of SA are obtained by extraction with 85% ethanol, followed by liquid partition against hexane, chloroform, ethyl…

Peretti P et al, Spilanthol content of Acmella oleracea subtypes and their bactericide and antibiofilm activities against Streptococcus mutans, South Afr J of Botany, 143:17-24, 2021-Abstract: This study aimed to determine the extractive yield, the spilanthol content & the bactericide & antibiofilm activities of aqueous & hydroethanolic extracts of two regional variations (Amapá & Pará) of Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen against the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Aqueous extracts of leaves & hydroethanolic extracts of leaves & stems were obtained & submitted to UHPLC-ESI-QToF-…

Ratnasooriya WD et al. Diuretic activity of Spilanthes acmella flowers in rats. J of Ethnopharmacol, 2004. 91: 317–20.-Abstract: In the Sri Lankan traditional medicine, Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Family: Compositae) flowers are claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, as yet, the diuretic potential of these flowers is not investigated by scientifically controlled studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of Spilanthes acmella flowers in rats using a cold-water extract (CWE). Different concentrations of CWE (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg) or vehicle or Furos…

Luz-Barbas LA et al, Jambu, Spilanthes acmella as a novel anaesthetic for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum : Secondary stress responses during recovery, Aquault, 456 :70-5, 2016-Abstract : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the waxy extract of jambu flowers, Spilanthes acmella as an anaesthetic for fish, using juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum as a model. The times to induction and recovery after short-term anaesthesia were evaluated by concentration-response trials and secondary stress responses. Juveniles were placed in aquaria containing five different conc…

Da Rocha C et al, Action of the hydroethanolic extract of the flowers of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen on the reproductive performance of Wistar females’ rats: A popular female aphrodisiac from the Amazon, J Ethnopharm, 214:301-8.2018-Abstract:  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of the hydroethanolic extract of A. oleracea flowers (EHAo) on Wistar rats during the pre-mating, mating, & pre-implantation period. Material & methods: During the treatment period, measurements of feed intake, water intake, weight, oestrous cycle, behaviour, repr…

Suwanjang W et al, Neuroprotective effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr on pesticide-induced neuronal cells death. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017;10(1):35-41.-Abstract: To investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella Murr extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y) cells lines. METHODS: Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was studied by treating the cells with various concentration of Pirimicarb for 24 h. Neuroprotective effect of S. acmella extracts was investigated by adding the plant extracts to the me…

Rani SA et al, Antifungal potential of flower head extract of Spilanthes acmella Linn, Afr J of Biomed Res, 9 (2006): 67-9-Abstract: Different concentrations of Spilanthes acmella flower head extract was evaluated for antifungal activity (0.1 to 2.0 mg). The diameter of inhibition zones ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 cm with the increase in concentration of test solution. In all the organisms, the maximum zone of inhibition was observed at 2000mg concentration. Among different fungal species, high inhibition zones were observed in Fusarium oxysporum (2.3 cm) & Fusarium moniliformis. (2.1 cm) follow…

de Souza GC et al, Acute Toxicity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of the Flowers of Acmella oleracea L. in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Behavioral & Histopathological Studies, Pharmaceut, 27;12(4):173.2019-Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of A. oleracea L. (EHFAo) flowers in zebrafish by immersion & oral administration. The extract was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). EHFAo was administered orally (44.457, 88.915, 199.94, 281.83 & 448.81 mg/kg) & by immersion (250, 300, 350, 400 &…

DE1929142001090A1: A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of Lyme disease: The present invention provides a composition for use in the treatment of Lyme disease ready & a kit comprising the composition. The composition of the invention includes 4 groups of components, said group A) 1000-5000 mg cat's claw, 1000-3000 mg krill oil or Kalamarinöl or combinations thereof, 200-600 mg of magnesium malate, 3000-5000 mg Ester C, 100-300 mg alpha comprises lipoic acid, 25-75 mg pyridoxal-5-phosphate (vitamin B6), 6000-14000 IU cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 2000-4000 mg He Shou Wu, 1200 to 25…

EKANEM AP et al, Antiobesity properties of two African plants (Aframomum meleguetta & Spilanthes Acmella) by pancreatic lipase inhibition, Phytother Res, 21(12) :1253-5, 2007-Abstract: Ethanol extracts of seeds of Aframomum meleguetta & flower buds of Spilanthes Acmella presented pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities in a concentration related manner under in vitro conditions. The two plants were extracted with 70% ethanol by sonication, fractionated on silica gel & tested at concentrations in the range 0.75-2.0 mg/mL. Lipase inhibitory activities of 90% & 40% were observed in A. meleguet…

Patel VK et al; A clinical Appraisal of Anacyclus pyrethrum root extract in dental patients. Phytotherapy Research. 6 (3) : 158–9.

Suelen Da S Pinheiro M et al, Cytotoxic & molecular evaluation of spilanthol obtained from Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (jambú) in human gastric cancer cells, Nat Prod Res, 2023-Abstract: Acmella oleracea (L.) is a plant popularly known as jambú in the Brazilian Amazon. This species has several biological properties, such as Anaesthetic, antioxidant & anti-inflammatory activities, among others. However, there is limited information on its anticancer activity. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of AO & its active compound (spilanthol)…

Benelli G et al, Insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of jambú (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen) cultivated in central Italy against filariasis mosquito vectors, houseflies & moth pests, J of Ethnopharm, 2019, 272-9-Abstract: In folk medicine, the plant has been used against parasites & to combat insects & mites. No data are available on the insecticidal activity of jambú essential oil. Aim of the study :To test the jambú essential oil obtained from A. oleracea cultivated in central Italy against the filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, the Egyptian cotton worm, Spodoptera lit…

Pandey V et al, Efficient Micropropagation protocol of Spilanthes acmella L. possessing strong antimalarial activity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 2009; 45:491- 9.

Bellumori M et al, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen: Alkylamides & phenolic compounds in aerial parts & roots of in vitro seedlings. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2022;220:114991-Abstract:Acmella oleracea L. is an edible and medicinal plant commonly known for its local Anaesthetic effect induced by the alkylamide spilanthol. It is also rich of secondary metabolites of biological interest, mainly phenolic acids & glycosylated flavonoids. This study evaluated for the first time alkylamides & phenolic compounds in aerial parts and roots of seedlings grown in vitro and produced from single seed and …

Santana de Freitas-Blanco V et al, Development & Evaluation of a Novel Mucoadhesive Film Containing Acmella oleracea Extract for Oral Mucosa Topical Anesthesia, Plus-One, 2016-Abstract: To develop an anesthetic mucoadhesive film containing Acmella oleracea (jambu) extract for topical use on oral mucosa. Methods: Ethanolic extracts from aerial parts of jambu were prepared by maceration. Pigment removal was obtained by adsorption with activated carbon. Three mucoadhesive films were developed using a film casting method: 10 or 20% of crude jambu extract (10% JB & 20% JB), & 10% of crude jambu …

Thiemi YL et all,, Acmella oleracea & Achyrocline satureioides as Sources of Natural Products in Topical Wound Care, Evidence-Based Comp & Alter Med, 2016-Abstract: Achyrocline satureioides (macela) & Acmella oleracea (jambu) are native species from Brazil with a huge therapeutic potential, with proved anti-inflammatory & anesthetic action, respectively. The jambu’s crude extract after depigmentation with activated charcoal & macela’s essential oil were incorporated in a film made with hydroxyethyl cellulose. Those films were evaluated by mechanical test using a texturometer & anti-inflamma…

De Oliveira R et al, The potential of Acmella oleracea (Jambu) extract in the control of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) female ticks, Inter J of Acarology, 2018.-Abstract: The present study evaluated the efficacy of Acmella oleracea extract & the susceptibility of semi-engorged R. sanguineus females exposed to different concentrations of the extract, with lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) & confidence interval 95%. The ticks were mounted on Petri dishes & immersed in the different concentrations of the extract, distilled water or ethanol 50% + DMSO…

Pinheiro S et al, Cytotoxic & molecular evaluation of spilanthol obtained from Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen(jambú) in human gastric cancer cells, Nat Prod Res, 1:6, 2023-Abstract:Acmella oleracea (L.) is a plant popularly known as jambú in the Brazilian Amazon. This species has several biological properties, such as Anaesthetic, antioxidant & anti-inflammatory activities, among others. However, there is limited information on its anticancer activity. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of AO & its active compound (spilanthol) on gastr…

De Spiegeleer B et al, Skin penetration enhancing properties of the plant N-alkylamide spilanthol, J of Ethnopharm, 148(1):117-25, 2013-Abstract: In this study, we examined the proposed penetration enhancing properties of spilanthol, an N-alkylamide abundantly present in several Asteraceae plants like Spilanthes acmella, on three model drugs (caffeine, testosterone & ibuprofen). Moreover, as plants are frequently contaminated with toxic environmental substances, the mutual influence on the transdermal behavior between spilanthol & six model mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin …

Dallazen JL et al, Local effects of natural alkylamides from Acmella oleracea & synthetic isobutylalkyl amide on neuropathic & postoperative pain models in mice, Fitoterapia, 160:105224, 2022-Abstract:Acmella oleracea ("jambu") is a native plant from the Amazon region & rich in alkylamides, bioactive compounds responsible for inducing anesthetic & chemesthetic sensations. We previously demonstrated that the intraplantar administration of an hexanic fraction (HF) rich in alkylamides from jambu & the synthetic isobutylalkyl amide (IBA) at 0.1 μg/20 μL can promote antinociceptive & anti-inflam…

Prachayasittikul V et al, HIGH THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF SPILANTHES ACMELLA: A REVIEW, EXCLI J, 2013;12:291-312 – ISSN 1611-2156-Abstract: Spilanthes acmella, a well-known anti toothache plant with high medicinal usages, has been recognized as an important medicinal plant & has an increasingly high demand worldwide. From its traditional uses in health care & food, extensive phytochemical studies have been reported. This review provides an overview & general description of the plant species, bioactive metabolites & important pharmacological activities including the preparation, purification …

Duangjai A et al, Spasmolytic effect of Acmella oleracea flowers extract on isolated rat ileum,  Chem J of Herb-Med Pharmacol,  :10.34172,  .2021-Abstract: Acmella oleracea has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, sore throat, Haemorrhoids & toothache. However, whether A. oleracea has gastrointestinal functions, such as regulation of intestinal contractions, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of A. oleracea flowers extract (AFE) on rat ileum contractions & the possible mechanism(s) of its action. M…

Laswati H et al, SPILANTHES ACMELLA & PHYSICAL EXERCISE INCREASED TESTOSTERONE LEVELS & OSTEOBLAST CELLS IN GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS MALE MICE, Bali Med J, 4 (2): 76-81, 2015-Abstract:  Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is leading cause of secondary osteoporosis by decreasing formation activity & increasing resorption activity. Spilanthes acmella, is one of Indonesia medicinal plants that contain of polyphenol & flavonoids. Previously in vitro study showed that butanol & water fraction from this plant have increased alkaline phosphatase that known as marker of bone formation. T…

Ley JP et al. Isolation & synthesis of acmellonate, a new unnatured long chain 2-ketol ester fr- om Spilanthes acmella, Nat. Prod. Res. 20 (9): 798–804, 2006.

Europe EP1861486A1 : Brevet: A process of preparing jambú extract, use of said extract, cosmetic compositions comprising thereof & cosmetic products comprising said cosmetic compositions, issued 2017.

Joanlida P R e Silva et al, The potential of Acmella oleracea as a nutraceutical source for the symptomatic treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome, Nat Prod Res, 2022-Abstract:This study analysed the phytochemical profile of Acmella oleracea extract & the molecular interactions of its main compounds with TRPV1 & CB2, target receptors in the Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) pathogenesis. The phytochemical profile of A. oleracea’s floral buds extract treated with activated charcoal (TCEE) was analysed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The quantifi…

Singh M et al, Screening & quantification of an antiseptic alkylamide, spilanthol from in vitro cell & tissue cultures of Spilanthes acmella Murr. Ind Crops & Products, 36 :321_8, 2012-Abstract: The study revealed, for the first time, accumulation of spilanthol, an antiseptic alkylamide, on in-vitro cultures of Spilanthes acmella, a medicinal plant of immense commercial value. To achieve this, in vitro shoots were Regenerated via direct organogenesis from leaf-disc explants of Spilanthes. Shoots were induced in the presence of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with either α…

Pacheco Soares C et al, Effect of Spilanthes acmella hydroethanolic extract activity on tumour cell actin cytoskeleton, Cell Biol Int 2014; 38(1):131-5-Abstract: Numerous natural products have pharmacological activity such that many biologically active compounds have led to the development of cancer chemotherapy drugs. Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae) is widely cultivated in the State of Pará, Brazil, being employed in folk medicine for its anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, insecticide & larvicidal properties. However, its cytotoxicity & influence on actin cytoskeleto…

Spelman K et al, The traditional medicine Spilanthes acmella & the alkylamides spilanthol & undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, demonstrate in vitro & in vivo anti-malarial activity, Phytother Res. 2011, 25(7): 1098–1101 / doi: 10.1002/ptr.3395-Abstract: Spilanthes spp are used as traditional herbal medicines in Africa & India to treat malaria. Yet, to date, there are no data on the active constituents or the most effective extraction methods for this indication. The isolated alkylamides, spilanthol & undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, found in S. acmella Murr., were …

Peiris KKK et al, Analgesic activity of water extract of Spilanthes acmella flowers on rats, J Trop Med Plants, 2 (1998), 201-4.-Abstract : The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic potential of fresh flowers of Spilanthes acmella Murr (family: Compositae) used by some Sri Lankan traditional medical practitioners to suppress toothache. Different doses of water extract of fresh flowers (111, 335 & 671 mg·kg') were orally administered to male rats & their analgesic potential was determined at different post treatment periods by using hot plate & tail flick tests. Sedative pote…

Holetz FB et al. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases,. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 97 (7): 1027–31. 2002.

Shah SN et al, Hepatoprotective & hepatocurative effects of Spilanthes acmella Murr against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2018;31(5(Supplement)):2061-8.-Abstract: In the current research work, the hepatoprotective/hepatocurative activity of methanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr aerial parts in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rabbits by the analysis of different liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP along with histopathological investigations. In first phase of the study, paracetamol toxicated rabbits were treated with extract & standard …

Pendse GS et al: Investigation on new plant larvicides with special references to Spilanthes acmella. J. Univ. Bombay Sect. A., 15, Pt. 3, Sci. 20, 26-30, 1946.

Pavunraj M et al, Phytopesticidal effects of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. leaves on three economically important lepidopteran insect pests, J of Coastal Life Med, 2014; 2(7): 549-54.

Leng TC et al, Detection of bioactive compounds from Spilanthes acmella (L.) plants & its various in vitro culture products, J of Med Plants Res, 5(3): 371-8, 2011.

Sana A et al, Determination of Antioxidant Potential in Spilanthes acmella using DPPH assay, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(7) 219-23.

Nipate SS et al, Antioxidant & immunomodulatory properties of Spilanthes oleracea with potential effect in chronic fatigue syndrome infirmity. J Ayurveda Integra Med. 2018.-Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) holds a mystery for researchers due to its multifactorial nature; hence, its diagnosis is still based on symptoms & aetiology remains obscured. Number of scientific evidences regarding the role of oxidative stress, immune dysfunction in CFS & alleviation of symptoms with the help of nutritional supplements guided us to study effect of ethanolic extract of Spilanthes oleracea (SPE)…

Spinozzi E et al, A Review of the Chemistry & Biological Activities of Acmella oleracea ("jambù", Asteraceae), with a View to the Development of Bioinsecticides & Acaricides, Plant(Basel), 11:2721, 2022-Abstract: Human pathologies, environmental pollution, & resistance phenomena caused by the intensive use of chemical pesticides have shifted the attention of the agrochemical industries towards eco-friendly insecticides & acaricides. Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (jambù) is a plant native to South America, widely distributed & cultivated in many countries due to its numerous pharmacolog…

Habsah A et al, Toxicity & electrophysiological effects of Spilanthes acmella Murr. extracts on Periplaneta americana. Pesticide Sci, 25 (4):329–35, 1989 / DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780250402-Abstract: The potential insecticidal activity of Spilanthes acmella Murr. (Compositae) extracts was assessed in this study. The extracts were shown to be toxic against adults of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. The active component in S. acmella extract was isolated & identified as N-isobutyl-2,6,8-decatrienamide (spilanthol). The results from topical application of spilanthol show that it has a hig…

Soares PC et al, Effect of Spilanthes acmella hydroethanolic extract activity on tumour cell actin cytoskeleton. Cell Biol Int. 2014; 38(1):131-5.-Abstract: Numerous natural products have pharmacological activity such that many biologically active compounds have led to the development of cancer chemotherapy drugs. Spilanthes acmella (Asteraceae) is widely cultivated in the State of Pará, Brazil, being employed in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, insecticide & larvicidal properties. However, its cytotoxicity & influence on actin cytoskeleton org…

Dubey S et al, Phytochemistry, pharmacology & Toxicology of Spilanthes acmella: A review. Adv. in Pharmacol Sci, 2013 –Abstract: Spilanthes acmella is an important medicinal plant, found in tropical & subtropical countries mainly India & South America. Popularly, it is known as toothache plant which reduces the pain associated with toothaches & can induce saliva secretion. Various extracts & active metabolites from various parts of this plant possess useful pharmacological activities. Literature survey proposed that it has multiple pharmacological actions, which include antifungal, antipyre…

Chakraborty A et al. Preliminary studies on local anaesthetic & antipyretic activities of Spilanthes acmella Murr in experimental animal models. Indian J of Pharmacol, 2010. 42: 277–9.-Abstract: To evaluate the antiinflammatory & analgesic activities of the aqueous extract of Spilanthes acmella (SPA) in experimental animal models. Material & Methods: SPA was evaluated for antiinflammatory action by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid-induced writhing response in albino mice and tail flick method in albino rats. Results: The aqueous extract of …

Kao Yen RM et al, Alkylamides from Acmella oleracea: antinociceptive effect & molecular docking with cannabinoid & TRPV1 receptors, Nat Prod Res, 37:18, 2023-Abstract: Alkylamides are secondary metabolites in Acmella oleracea & display wide applications in treating several diseases. Since alkylamides can inhibit pain, this work aims to evaluate the antinociceptive profile of AO methanolic extracts used in vivo & in silico assays. The extracts inhibited the neurogenic & inflammatory phases of the formalin test, ratifying the antinociceptive effect of alkylamides. Furthermore, the results fro…

Mbeunkui F et al. Isolation & identification of antiplasmodial N-alkylamides from Spilanthes acmella flowers using centrifugal partition chromatography & ESI-IT-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr B. 2011 ; 879 :1886–92-Abstract :The development of new antiplasmodial drugs is of primary importance due to the growing problem of multidrug resistance of malaria parasites. Spilanthes acmella, a plant traditionally used for the treatment of toothache, was targeted as a lead for its potential antiplasmodial activity. A systematic approach for investigating a suitable centrifugal-partition chromatography (CPC) s…

Chakraborty A et al. Preliminary studies on antiinflammatory & analgesic activities of Spilanthes acmella in experimental animal models. Indian J of Pharmacol, 2004. 36:148–50.-Abstract: To evaluate the antiinflammatory & analgesic activities of the aqueous extract of Spilanthes acmella in experimental animal models. MATERIAL & METHODS: SPA was evaluated for antiinflammatory action by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid-induced writhing response in albino mice and tail flick method in albino rats. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of SPA in doses o…

Lobina C et al, Analgesic properties of a food grade lecithin delivery system of Zingiber officinale & Acmella oleracea standardized extracts in rats. Nat. Prod. Res. 2021;35:3078–82-Abstract:This study investigated whether (i) the 5:1 combination of standardized extracts of Zingiber officinale & Acmella oleracea is endowed with analgesic effects & (ii) the phospholipid-based formulation of Zingiber officinale & Acmella oleracea extracts (ZAP) potentiated the analgesic effects of the plain extract combination (PEC). To this end, rats were exposed to acute pain (Tail Flick test) and chronic,…

WIDYOWATI R et al, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF GRAPTOPHYLLUM PICTUM & SPHILANTHES ACMELLA FRACTIONS AGAINST MC3T3­E1 CELLS AS MARKER OF OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION CELLS, Inter J of Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 3, Suppl 1, 2011-Abstract: The hexane, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol & water fractions from Graptophyllum pictum & Spilanthes acmella were evaluated the stimulative activity on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells. ALP activity is a marker of osteoblast differentiation. Among the tested, the n‐butanol & water fractions of GP showed the activity to 112% & 122% respectivel…

Ratnasooriya WD et al. Attenuation of persistent pain & hyperalgesia by Spilanthes acmella flowers in rats. Pharmaceut Biol 2005; 43:614–9-Abstract: The effectiveness of Spilanthes acmella (Compositae) flowers against continuous inflammatory pain & its Antihyperalgesic potential were investigated in vivo. Rats were administrated a cold-water extract (CWE) in three different doses: 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg given orally. Pain reduction was measured with the formalin test of nociception & carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia test. In the formalin test, the CWE significantly (p < 0.05) impai…

de Souza GC et al, Reproductive toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of the flowers of Acmella oleracea & spilanthol in zebrafish: In vivo & in silico evaluation, Hum Exp Toxicol, 39(2) :127-46.2020-Abstract: Hydroethanolic preparations of Acmella oleracea is used in the North of Brazil as female aphrodisiac. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the hydroethanolic extract of Acmella oleracea (EHFAo) flowers (21.873 & 44.457 mg/kg) & spilanthol (3 mg/kg) administered orally on reproductive performance & effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish F1 generat…

Dallazen JL et al, Pharmacological potential of alkylamides from Acmella oleracea flowers & synthetic isobutylalkyl amide to treat inflammatory pain, Inflammo-Pharmacol, 28(1):175-86, 2020-Abstract:Acmella oleracea ("jambu") is an Amazonian plant rich in alkylamides. Its flowers are widely used in folk medicine to treat toothache due to tingling, numbness, & local anaesthesia caused in the mouth. Our group previously demonstrated that the intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of an alkylamide-rich hexane fraction (HF) obtained from jambu flowers & a synthetic isobutylalkyl amide (IBA) displayed an…

OGATA NEC et al, Antinociceptive effects of ethanolic extract from the flowers of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen in mice, J of Ethnopharm, 583–9, 2013-Abstract : In this study we examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from the flowers of Acmella oleracea (EEAO) in animal models of nociceptive (chemical & thermal) & neuropathic (partial sciatic nerve ligation) pain. Materials & Methods Adult male mice were treated by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) with EEAO before the induction of nociceptive response by formalin, capsaicin &cinnamaldehyde, thermal heat hypera…

Bellumori M et al, Study of Mono & Di- O-caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers in Acmella oleracea Extracts by HPLC-MS/MS & Application of Linear Equation of Deconvolution Analysis Algorithm for Their Characterization, Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16:101137, 2023-Abstract: Chlorogenic acids, the esters of caffeic & quinic acids, are the main phenolic acids detected in Acmella oleracea extracts & have gained increasing interest in recent years due to their important biological activities. Given their structural similarity and instability, the correct analysis & identification of these compounds in plants …

Barman S et al. Anti-inflammatory & analgesic activity of leaves of Spilanthes Acmella (ELSA) in experimental animal models. Pharmacologyonline, 2009; 1:1027–34-Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory & analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of leaves of S Acmella (ELSA) in experimental animal models. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model; Granuloma pouch method & Adjuvant arthritis method were used for acute, sub-acute & chronic inflammation respectively. For central & peripheral analgesic activity tail flick method & Glacial Acetic Acid Induced Writhing …

Rondanelli M et al, The Use of a New Food-Grade Lecithin Formulation of Highly Standardized Ginger (Zingiber officinale) & Acmella oleracea Extracts for the Treatment of Pain & Inflammation in a Group of Subjects with Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis, J of Pain Res, 13:761-70, 2020-Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of a new food-grade lecithin formulation of standardized extracts of Zingiber officinale & Acmella oleracea on pain & inflammation. Patients & Methods: Pilot study with one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design in which 50 subjects with moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA) (…

Lemos TLG et al. The essential oils of Spilanthes acmella, Murr. J of Essential Oil Res 1991; 3(5): 369‐70.-Abstract: Eighteen compounds have been characterized by GC/MS & Kovats indices in the essential oil of Spilanthes acmella. The major constituents identified were β-caryophyllene (30.2%), γ-cadinene (13.3%) & thymol (18.3%).

Cunha LD et al, In vitro evaluation of the fungicidal potential of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen (Asteraceae), Univ Fed P Braz-Abstract: Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen (Asteraceae) is an herbaceous species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions, India, Venezuela, Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia & Brazil, popularly known as jambú. Chemically, A. oleracea is characterized by the presence of phytosterols, triterpenes, flavonoids & isobutylamides. In folk medicine, the leaves & flowers of AO are used against tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, cough, rabies, anemia & scurvy. Pharmacolog…

Alperth F et al, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Spilanthol from Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen,  Molecules, 29(3):612, 2024-Abstract:With a growing focus on green chemistry, the extraction of natural products with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), which are eutectic mixtures of hydrogen bond donors & acceptors, has become an ever-expanding field of research. However, the use of NADES for the extraction of spilanthol from AO has not yet been investigated. Therefore, in this study, 20 choline chloride-based NADES, & for comparison, ethanol, were used as green ex…

Moreno SC et al. Bioactivity of compounds from Acmella oleracea against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) & selectivity to two non‐target species. Pest Mant Sci, 2012. 68: 386–93.-Abstract: Tropical plants are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that can be used for Pest control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of compounds present in Acmella oleracea against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), which is the main pest of tomato Crops in Latin America. The selectivity of these compounds to the predator Solenopsis saevi…

Nakatani N et al: Pungent alkamides from Spilanthes acmella, L. var. oleracea Clarke. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1992; 56(5): 759‐62.-Abstract : A main pungent amide, spilanthol (1), & three alkamides, (2E)-N-(2-methylbutyl)-2-undecene-8,10-diynamide (2), (2E,7Z)-N-isobutyl-2,7-tridecadiene-10,12-diynamide (3), & (7Z)-N-isobutyl-7-tridecene-10,12-diynamide (4) were isolated from the flower heads of Spilanthes acmella L. var. oleracea Clarke. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2 and 4 were new & 3 was found for the first time in Spilanthes species. Chemotaxonom…

Baruah RN et al, Characterization of the essential oil from flower heads of Spilanthes acmella. J of Essential Oil Res. 1993;5(6):693–5.-Abstract: The essential oil, from the flower heads of Spilanthes Acmella was produced by steam distillation & examined by GC/MS & retention indices. Of the20 compounds characterized, limonene (23.6%), β-caryophyllene (20.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene (14.0%), germacrene D (10.8%) & myrcene (9.5%) were found to be the major constituents of die oil.

Jirovetz L et al, HOMEPAGE: http://www.nal.usda.gov/Essential oil analysis of Spilanthes acmella Murr fresh plants from southern India, Homepage, 2005.-Abstract: The essential oil of the fresh plant of Spilanthes acmella Murr. from southern India was investigated by GC & GC/MS. More than 45 components have been identified including (E)-2-hexenol (25.7%), 2-tridecanone (13.1%), germacrene D (11.1%), hexanol (11.0%), beta-caryophyllene (10.8%) & (Z)-3-hexenol (5.1%) as significantly dominating compounds. Additional components, responsible for the characteristic aroma impressions of this samp…

Ponpornpisit A et al, Toxicity test kameng (Eclipta prostrata Linn) & Kradhuawean (Spilanthes acmella Linn. Murr) to early stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio), Thailand J of Vet Med. 2011;41(4):543–7–Abstract: The toxicity of Kameng (Eclipta prostrata Linn.) & Kradhuawean (Spilanthes acmella (Linn.) Murr) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos was investigated. An aqueous crude extract of the leaves of each plant was tested with newly spawned embryos in 96 well plates. The observed effect was based on the toxicity end point composed of lethal, sub lethal & malformation effects appearing at 24, 48-…

Gouvea SM et al, Effects of Paracress (Acmella oleracea) extracts on the aphids Myzus persicae & Lipaphis erysimi & two natural enemies, Ind Crops & Products, 128, :399-404, 2019-Abstract : This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of Paracress (Acmella oleracea) extracts to the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulz.) & Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) & the extracts selectivity to the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) & to the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). We evaluated water & ethanol extracts from A. oleracea.…

Ramsewak RS et al. Bioactive N-isobutylamides from the flower buds of Spilanthes acmella. Phytochem, 51 (6): 729–32. 1999-Abstract: The hexane extract of dried flower buds of Spilanthes acmella afforded three N-isobutyl amides: spilanthol, undeca-2E,7Z,9E-trienoic acid isobutylamide & undeca-2E-en-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide. Their structures were determined by 1H & 13C NMR, MS & GC–MS spectroscopic methods. All were active against Aedes aegypti larvae & Helicoverpa Zea neonates at 12.5 & 250 μg/mL concentrations, respectively.

Remia KM, LARVICIDAL & PUPICIDAL EFFECT OF SPILANTHES ACMELLA & ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA ON THE MOSQUITO AEDES AEGYPTI, Inter Jo of Institutional Pharm & Life Sciences 2(2):2012.-Abstract: An alternative approach for mosquito control is the use of natural products of plant origin. Phytochemicals have proven that they are potential mosquito control agent & also alternative to synthetic insecticides. Hence an attempt has been made to monitor the effect of two-plant extracts (Spilanthes acmella & Andrographis paniculata) on different larval instar & pupae of mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. S acm…

Konrath EL et al, Acmella oleracea Is a Medicinal Plant That Decreases Chymase Activity, Oxidative Stress, & Inflammation: Possible Role in the Adjuvant Treatment of COVID-19.J of Med Food1243-4, 202-Abstract: Acmella oleracea (Asteraceae), popularly known as “paracress” or “jambú,” is an edible herb widely used in culinary as a condiment in dishes in northern Brazil & for medicinal purposes in analgesic, anesthetic, & anti-inflammatory folk preparations. Recently, we became aware that AO leaves & flowers extracts (AOE), as well as its main N-alkylamide component spilanthol, can potently in…

Prachayasittikul S et al, Bioactive Metabolites from Spilanthes acmella Murr. Molecules 2009, 14, 850-67, doi :10.3390/molecules14020850.

Spilanthes acmella / Herb Drug Interactions / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Nagashima M et al, LC‐MS analysis & structure determination of pungent alkamides from Spilanthes acmella, Murr. Flowers. Lebenson Wiss Technol 1992; 25(5): 417‐21.

Sharma A et al, Insecticidal Toxicity of Spilanthol from Spilanthes acmella Murr. against Plutella xylostella L. Am J of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1568-72.

Mukharya DK et al, Olean-12-en-3-O-ß-D-Galactopyranosyl (1-4)-O-a-l- rhamnopyranoside: A new triterpenoidal saponin from the roots of Spilanthes acmella (Murr) Indian J Chem. 1986;26:81–7.

Sharma A et al, Spilanthes acmella ethanolic flower extract: LC-MS alkylamide profiling & its effects on sexual behavior in male rats. Urban & Fischer Verlag 24, 2014, The Free Library-Abstract: According to Indian Systems of Medicine, Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. (Family - Asteraceae), is considered effective in the treatment of sexual deficiencies especially due to ageing. In the present study, characterization of ethanolic extracts of the S acmella flower & its effect on general mating pattern, penile erection & serum hormone levels of normal male Wistar albino rats were investigated & …

Vogel A, herbal-remedies. 2013, http://www.avogel.co.uk/herbal-remedies/spilanthes

Krishnaswami N. R. et al: ƒ¿- & ƒ À- Amyrinesters & sitosterol glucoside from Spilanthes acmella. Phytochem. 14, 1666-166, 1975.

Vyas YK et al, Effect of Spilanthes calva DC. Root extract, herbal & synthetic dentifrices on oral microflora using in vitro human tooth enamel. J Herb Med Toxicol. 2009; 3(1): 141-8.

Nagashima M et al. Two sesquiterpenes from Spilanthes acmella, L. Chem Expr 1991; 6(12): 993‐6.

Shimada T et al: Spilanthol‐rich essential oils for manufacturing tooth-pastes or other oral compositions. JP Pat, 07090294; Chem Abstr 1995; 122, 322237.

Paulraj J et al, The genus Spilanthes ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry & pharmacological properties: A review. Advances in Pharmacological Sci, 2013.

Saraf DK et al, Spilanthes acmella Murr.: study on its extract spilanthol as larvicidal compound. Asian J Experimental Sci. 2002;16(1-2):9–19-Abstract: Spilanthol, a major constituent of ethanolic extract of flower heads of Spilanthes acmella is having potent ovicidal, larvicidal & pupicidal activity. Maximum 7.5 ppm concentration causes 100% motility of eggs, larvae & pupae of Anopheles, Culex & Aedes mosquito. Spilanthol is more effective even at low doses against eggs & pupae. In pupae, it seems to work on nervous system which was evident by abnormal movement like jerks, spinning & uncoo…

Singh BT et al, Molluscicidal Activity of Spilanthes acmella Murr on the Snail Lymnaea acuminata, Pharmacog J, 2(15):31–33, 2019-Abstract: Spilanthes acmella Murr also known as toothache plant is investigated for its preliminary phytochemical analysis and molluscicidal activity. The water extract found maximum extractive value (3.730%) than other solvents used. All the tested metabolites were qualitatively present in ethanolic extract and aqueous extract. Different concentrations of plant parts (root stem, leaf) were used for molluscicidal activity against snail Lymnaea acuminate. The maxim…

Purabi D et al, In vitro clonal propagation & organogenesis in Spilanthes acmella (L) Murray: A herbal Pesticidal plant of Northeast India. J Plant Biochem Biotech. 2005; 14:69–71.

Tiwari HP et al, Phytochemical examination of Spilanthes acmella (Murr.) J of the Indian Chem Society. 1990;67(9):784–5.-

Simas NK et al, Acetylenic 2-phenylethylamides & new isobutylamides from Acmella oleracea (L.) RK Jansen, a Brazilian spice with larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti. Phytochem Letters, 2013. 6: 67–72.

Singh M et al, Extracts of dedifferentiated cultures of Spilanthes acmella Murr. possess antioxidant & anthelmintic properties & hold promise as an alternative source of herbal medicine, Plant Biosystems - An Inter J Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biol,148, 2, 2014-Abstract: This study reports the antioxidant & anthelmintic activities of Spilanthes cell cultures. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5.0 μM N6-benzylaminopurine, 1.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid & 1.0 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid was found to be the best medium to induce dedifferentiation from the leaf cells an…

Jahan N et al, Evaluation of antibacterial potential of medicinal plant Spilanthes acmella Murr & it’s in vitro raised callus against resistant organisms especially those harbouring bla genes, J of Applied Pharmaceut Sci, 3 (10): 119-24, 2013.

Pitasawat B et al, Screening for larvicidal activity of ten carminative plants. Southeast Asian J of Trop Med & Public Health. 1998;29(3):660–6-Abstract: Ten species of plants, reported to possess carminative property, were screened for larvicidal potential against Culex quinquefasciatus by exposing early 4th instar larvae to a series of concentrations of the ethanolic extracts of the plants. Mortality counts were made after 24 hours exposure. Probit analysis using computerized Harvard Programming (Hg1, 2) was employed to determine the LC50, LC95 & LC99 values in order to compare the larvic…

Gesteira V et al, Determination of toxicity & chromatographic analysis of spilanthol content in in vitro culture of Spilanthes Oleracea Jacq, Academic J, 17(13): 422-8, 2018-Abstract: Spilanthes oleracea has been extensively used due to its pharmacological activities & it has been considered as a promising vegetable crop. Nodal-segment cultures of S. Oleracea were established in order to analyze the content of alkamide spilanthol. On average, 11 buds/ nodal segment were developed after 30 days on MS basal salts liquid medium containing 2.22 μM benzyl adenine (BA). Regenerated shoots formed…

Dias AMA et al, Spilanthol from Spilanthes acmella flowers, leaves & stems obtained by selective supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, The J of Supercritical Fluid, 01 :62-70, 2012-Abstract: Spilanthes acmella var oleracea, commonly known as jambú, is a natural source of secondary metabolites such as alkylamides which are responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiseptic & anesthetic bioactivities of the plant. The purpose of this work was to characterize the extracts obtained from jambú flowers, leaves & stems by a fractionated extraction procedure that included a supercritical fluid ex…

Rao GB et al, Hepatoprotective activity of Spilanthes acmella Extracts against CCl4- induced liver toxicity in rats, Asian Pacific J of Tropical Disease, (2012).

Rodrigues TE et al, Pharmacological Characteristics of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Acmella oleracea (L) R. K. Jansen Flowers: ADME/Tox in Silico & In Vivo Antihypertensive & Chronic Toxicity Evaluation, Evidence-based Comp & alter Med, 2023-Abstract: Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen, popularly known as jambú in Northern Brazil, is widely used in folk medicine & local cuisine. Its consumption in different ways reinforces the need for safety assessments. In this study, the major compounds found in the hydroethanolic extract of AO  flowers (EHFAO) were characterized by ultra-performance li…

GUPTA N et al, DESIGN OF AKKALKARA (SPILANTHES ACMELLA) FORMULATIONS FOR ANTI- MICROBIAL AND TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES  Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 3(4): (P) 161 – 70, 2012.

Yadav R et al, PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON DIURETIC EFFECT OF SPILANTHES ACMELLA LEAVES EXTRACTS IN RATS; Inter J of Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 3 :3, 2011-Abstract: Petroleum ether, chloroform & alcohol extracts of leaves of Spilanthes acmella were evaluated for its diuretic activity using modified method of Rao. The animals were grouped into different groups of six animals each. All the animals received priming dose of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (20 ml/kg body weight p.o.). The first group of animals, served as control, received normal saline (20 ml/kg body weight p.o.); the second group receiv…