Tamarindus indica (Tomaren-si) : medicinal properties in alcoholic extraction

Tamarindus indica (Tomaren-si, Tamarin, for sure, Tamarin sûr) — family Caesalpiniacées.

Scientific synonyms : Tamarindus occidentalis-Gaertn, T. officinalis-Hook, T. Umbrosa-Salisb..

Recognised external sources linked to this monograph: TRAMIL and French Pharmacopoeia.

This database documents alcoholic (ethanol) extractions of active substances. Our monograph currently lists 19 indications in alcoholic extraction for this species. The Lapo v2 catalogue records 56 scientific references for this species (full detail in the application).

Important — scientific references on this public page: only a short excerpt of each cited source is shown (selected abstract sentences), kept in the original language of the publication (most often English), without translation. These excerpts are not the full article text and are not a complete bibliography. The full reference records and complete monographic detail are available in the Lapo v2 application (free 30-day trial).

1. 1

   Cancer: adjuvant treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

   Plant part used: Fruit Pulp.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Bressiani P (2021)

     Excerpt The antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging assay & the cytotoxic activity against the liver tumor cells of Rattus norvegicus were determined. The pulp of TI from MS is a promising source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant & cytotoxic/ antiproliferative activities.

   • According to El Badwi Samia MA (n.d.)

     Excerpt The aim of this study is to investigate the effect the fruit pulp ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica in protecting liver damage induced by CCL4 Thirty Wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each, the first group served as control and was given orally vehicle saline at 1ml/kg/day, the second group acts as CCL4 control and received CCL4 to induced damage to the liver, the Third group treated with ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica at 150 mg/kg/day & CCL4, the fourth group was treated with Silymarin as standard drug & CCL4 & the fifth group was treated with 150 mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of T indica alone, the experiment continued for 5 days, liver enzymes, AST, ALT & ALP were recorded as well as total Bilirubin, total protein and albumin, haematological parameters include RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV & MCHC were measured. indica ameliorated the damage caused by CCL4 by lowering the levels of AST, ALT, ALP & the concentration of Bilirubin & this effect was verified by improvement of histopathological picture in the livers of the group treated by the plant compared with the liver of CCL4 group which exhibited severe centrilobular necrosis and fatty vacuolation.

   • According to Ranjan R (2009)

     Excerpt indica fruit pulp (100 mg/kg body weight) & M. Changes in plasma biochemistry suggested less hepatic and renal damages in animals receiving plant extracts along with fluorinated water in comparison to that receiving fluorinated water alone.

   • According to LIM C (2013)

     Excerpt indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters also protected against oxidative damage by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant activities & preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation. Conclusion/Significance It is postulated that TI fruit pulp exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect by increasing cholesterol efflux, enhancing LDL-C uptake & clearance, suppressing triglyceride accumulation & inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.

   • According to Pimple BP (2007)

     Excerpt Protective effect of Tamarindus indica Linn (Caesalpiniaceae) was evaluated by intoxicating the rats with paracetamol (1 g/kg p.o.) for seven days. Liver weight variation, thiopentone-induced sleeping time and histopathology were studied on 13 th day.

2. 2

   Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity

   Plant part used: Seed.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to Pimple BP (2007)

     Excerpt Protective effect of Tamarindus indica Linn (Caesalpiniaceae) was evaluated by intoxicating the rats with paracetamol (1 g/kg p.o.) for seven days. The aqueous extracts of different parts of TI such as fruits, leaves (350 mg/kg p.o.) & Unroasted seeds (700 mg/kg p.o.) were administered for 9 days after the third dose of paracetamol.

   • According to Shammi NJ (2024)

     Excerpt Objective: This study was aimed to explore the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of seed of TI on liver weight when liver is intoxicated with paracetamol and to compare it with the effects of Vitamin E, a known hepatoprotectant. Results: In this study, the mean (±SD) liver weight was 4.08±0.23 in control group, 6.27±0.68 in only paracetamol treated group, 5.22±0.72 & 4.57±0.86 in paracetamol along with seed extract of TI & vitamin E treated group respectively.

   • According to Ranjan R (2009)

     Excerpt Changes in plasma biochemistry suggested less hepatic and renal damages in animals receiving plant extracts along with fluorinated water in comparison to that receiving fluorinated water alone. Preliminary results revealed these plant extracts have some potential to mitigate fluoride toxicity,.

   • According to LIM C (2013)

     Excerpt indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters also protected against oxidative damage by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant activities & preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation. TI fruit pulp has potential antioxidative effects & is potentially protective against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.

   • According to El Badwi Samia MA (n.d.)

     Excerpt The aim of this study is to investigate the effect the fruit pulp ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica in protecting liver damage induced by CCL4 Thirty Wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each, the first group served as control and was given orally vehicle saline at 1ml/kg/day, the second group acts as CCL4 control and received CCL4 to induced damage to the liver, the Third group treated with ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica at 150 mg/kg/day & CCL4, the fourth group was treated with Silymarin as standard drug & CCL4 & the fifth group was treated with 150 mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of T indica alone, the experiment continued for 5 days, liver enzymes, AST, ALT & ALP were recorded as well as total Bilirubin, total protein and albumin, haematological parameters include RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV & MCHC were measured. indica ameliorated the damage caused by CCL4 by lowering the levels of AST, ALT, ALP & the concentration of Bilirubin & this effect was verified by improvement of histopathological picture in the livers of the group treated by the plant compared with the liver of CCL4 group which exhibited severe centrilobular necrosis and fatty vacuolation.

3. 3

   Hepatitis, fatty liver, jaundice

   Plant part used: Fruit Pulp.

   Scientific references (short excerpts)

   Short excerpts only (not the full article). Full reference records are in the Lapo v2 application.

   • According to El Badwi Samia MA (n.d.)

     Excerpt The aim of this study is to investigate the effect the fruit pulp ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica in protecting liver damage induced by CCL4 Thirty Wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each, the first group served as control and was given orally vehicle saline at 1ml/kg/day, the second group acts as CCL4 control and received CCL4 to induced damage to the liver, the Third group treated with ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica at 150 mg/kg/day & CCL4, the fourth group was treated with Silymarin as standard drug & CCL4 & the fifth group was treated with 150 mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of T indica alone, the experiment continued for 5 days, liver enzymes, AST, ALT & ALP were recorded as well as total Bilirubin, total protein and albumin, haematological parameters include RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV & MCHC were measured. indica ameliorated the damage caused by CCL4 by lowering the levels of AST, ALT, ALP & the concentration of Bilirubin & this effect was verified by improvement of histopathological picture in the livers of the group treated by the plant compared with the liver of CCL4 group which exhibited severe centrilobular necrosis and fatty vacuolation.

   • According to Ranjan R (2009)

     Excerpt indica fruit pulp (100 mg/kg body weight) & M. Changes in plasma biochemistry suggested less hepatic and renal damages in animals receiving plant extracts along with fluorinated water in comparison to that receiving fluorinated water alone.

   • According to LIM C (2013)

     Excerpt indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters also protected against oxidative damage by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant activities & preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation. Conclusion/Significance It is postulated that TI fruit pulp exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect by increasing cholesterol efflux, enhancing LDL-C uptake & clearance, suppressing triglyceride accumulation & inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis.

   • According to Pimple BP (2007)

     Excerpt Protective effect of Tamarindus indica Linn (Caesalpiniaceae) was evaluated by intoxicating the rats with paracetamol (1 g/kg p.o.) for seven days. Liver weight variation, thiopentone-induced sleeping time and histopathology were studied on 13 th day.

   • According to Bressiani P (2021)

     Excerpt The anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids, vitamin C & phenolic total compounds were quantified of tamarind pulp from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) & São Paulo (SP)-Brazil. The antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical scavenging assay & the cytotoxic activity against the liver tumor cells of Rattus norvegicus were determined.

Further indications (including other extraction modes where applicable), dosages, precautions for use, and the <strong>full scientific references</strong> (complete records, not only the short excerpts above) are available in the complete monographic record in the Lapo v2 application.